Description

Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and editing decisions.

Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.

After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option. Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the passage as it is.

Study Set Content:
1- Note
The next 11 Questions are based on the following passage and supplementary material.

The next 11 Questions are based on the following passage and supplementary material.

A Life in Traffic

A subway system is expanded to provide service to a growing suburb. A bike-sharing program is adopted to encourage nonmotorized transportation. 1 To alleviate rush hour traffic jams in a congested downtown area, stoplight timing is coordinated. When any one of these changes occur, it is likely the result of careful analysis conducted by transportation planners.

The work of transportation planners generally includes evaluating current transportation needs, assessing the effectiveness of existing facilities, and improving those facilities or they design new ones. Most transportation planners work in or near cities, but some are employed in rural areas. Say, for example, a large factory is built on the outskirts of a small town. Traffic to and from that location would increase at the beginning and end of work shifts. The transportation planner’s job, might involve conducting a traffic count to determine the daily number of vehicles traveling on the road to the new factory. If analysis of the traffic count indicates that there is more traffic than the current road as it is designed at this time can efficiently accommodate, the transportation planner might recommend widening the road to add another lane.

Transportation planners work closely with a number of community stakeholders, such as government officials and other interested organizations and individuals. 7 Next, representatives from the local public health department might provide input in designing a network of trails and sidewalks to encourage people to walk more. 8 According to the American Heart Association, walking provides numerous benefits related to health and well-being. Members of the Chamber of Commerce might share suggestions about designing transportation and parking facilities to support local businesses.

People who pursue careers in transportation planning have a wide variety of educational backgrounds. A two-year degree in transportation technology may be sufficient for some entry-level jobs in the field. Most jobs, however, require at least a bachelor’s degree; majors of transportation planners are 10 varied, including fields such as urban studies, civil engineering, geography, or transportation and logistics management. For many positions in the field, a master’s degree is required.

Transportation planners perform critical work within the broader field of urban and regional planning. As of 2010, there were approximately 40,300 urban and regional planners employed in the United States. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts steady job growth in this field, 11 projecting that 16 percent of new jobs in all occupations will be related to urban and regional planning. Population growth and concerns about environmental sustainability are expected to spur the need for transportation planning professionals.

Adapted from United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections Program. "All Occpuations" includes all occupations in the United States economy.

2- Question

For number 1 at the passage:

Which choice best maintains the sentence pattern already established in the paragraph?

Select the Correct Answer:
NO CHANGE
Coordinating stoplight timing can help alleviate rush hour traffic jams in a congested downtown area.
Stoplight timing is coordinated to alleviate rush hour traffic jams in a congested downtown area.
In a congested downtown area, stoplight timing is coordinated to alleviate rush hour traffic jams.
3- Question

For number 2 at the passage:

Select the Correct Answer:
NO CHANGE
occur, they are
occurs, they are
occurs, it is
4- Question

For number 3 at the passage:

Select the Correct Answer:
NO CHANGE
to design
designing
design
5- Question

For number 4 at the passage:

Which choice results in the most effective transition to the information that follows in the paragraph?

Select the Correct Answer:
NO CHANGE
where job opportunities are more plentiful.
and the majority are employed by government agencies.
DELETE the underlined portion and end the sentence with a period.
6- Question

For number 5 at the passage:

Select the Correct Answer:
NO CHANGE
planner’s job
planners job,
planners job
7- Question

For number 6 at the passage:

Select the Correct Answer:
NO CHANGE
current design of the road right now
road as it is now currently designed
D current design of the road
8- Question

For number 7 at the passage:

Select the Correct Answer:
NO CHANGE
For instance,
Furthermore,
Similarly,
9- Question

For number 8 at the passage:

The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?

Select the Correct Answer:
Kept, because it provides supporting evidence about the benefits of walking.
Kept, because it provides an additional example of a community stakeholder with whom transportation planners work.
Deleted, because it blurs the paragraph’s focus on the community stakeholders with whom transportation planners work.
Deleted, because it doesn’t provide specific examples of what the numerous benefits of walking are.
10- Question

For number 9 at the passage:

Select the Correct Answer:
NO CHANGE
People, who pursue careers in transportation planning,
People who pursue careers, in transportation planning,
People who pursue careers in transportation planning,
11- Question

For number 10 at the passage:

Select the Correct Answer:
NO CHANGE
varied, and including
varied and which include
varied, which include
12- Question

For number 11 at the passage:

Which choice completes the sentence with accurate data based on the graph?

Select the Correct Answer:
NO CHANGE
warning, however, that job growth in urban and regional planning will slow to 14 percent by 2020.
predicting that employment of urban and regional planners will increase 16 percent between 2010 and 2020.
indicating that 14 to 18 percent of urban and regional planning positions will remain unfilled.
13- Note

The next 11 Questions are based on the following passage.

Dong Kingman: Painter of Cities

A 1954 documentary about renowned watercolor painter Dong Kingman shows the artist sitting on a stool on Mott Street in New York City’s Chinatown. A crowd of admiring spectators 12 watched as Kingman squeezes dollops of paint from several tubes into a tin watercolor 13 box, from just a few primary colors, Kingman creates dozens of beautiful hues as he layers the translucent paint onto the paper on his easel. Each stroke of the brush and dab of the sponge transforms thinly sketched outlines into buildings, shop signs, and streetlamps. The street scene Kingman begins composing in this short film is very much in keeping with the urban landscapes for which he is best known.

[1] Kingman was keenly interested in landscape painting from an early age. [2] In Hong Kong, where Kingman completed his schooling, teachers at that time customarily assigned students a formal “school name.” [3] His interest was so keen, in fact, that he was named after it. [4] The young boy who had been Dong Moy Shu became Dong Kingman. [5] The name Kingman was selected for its two 14 parts, “king” and “man”; Cantonese for “scenery” and “composition.” [6] As Kingman developed as a painter, his works were often compared to 15 paintings by Chinese landscape artists dating back to CE 960, a time when a strong tradition of landscape painting emerged in Chinese art. [7] Kingman, however, 16 vacated from that tradition in a number of ways, most notably in that he chose to focus not on natural landscapes, such as mountains and rivers, but on cities. 17

18 His fine brushwork conveys detailed street-level activity: a peanut vendor pushing his cart on the sidewalk, a pigeon pecking for crumbs around a fire 19 hydrant, an old man tending to a baby outside a doorway. His broader brush strokes and sponge-painted shapes create majestic city skylines, with skyscrapers towering in the background, bridges connecting neighborhoods on either side of a river, and 20 delicately painted creatures, such as a tiny, barely visible cat prowling in the bushes of a park. To art critics and fans alike, these city scenes represent the innovative spirit of twentieth-century urban Modernism.

During his career, Kingman exhibited his work 21 internationally. He garnered much acclaim. In 1936, a critic described one of Kingman’s solo exhibits as “twenty of the freshest, most satisfying watercolors that have been seen hereabouts in many a day.” 22

14- Question

For number 12 at the passage:

Select the Correct Answer:
NO CHANGE
had watched
would watch
watches
15- Question

For number 13 at the passage:

Select the Correct Answer:
NO CHANGE
box. From just a few primary colors,
box from just a few primary colors,
box, from just a few primary colors
16- Question

For number 14 at the passage:

Select the Correct Answer:
NO CHANGE
parts: “king” and “man,”
parts “king” and “man”;
parts; “king” and “man”
17- Question

For number 15 at the passage:

Select the Correct Answer:
NO CHANGE
Chinese landscape artists
painters of Chinese landscapes
artists
18- Question

For number 16 at the passage:

Select the Correct Answer:
NO CHANGE
evacuated
departed
retired
19- Question

For number 17 at the passage:

To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed

Select the Correct Answer:
where it is now.
before sentence 1.
after sentence 1.
after sentence 4.
20- Question

For number 18 at the passage:

Which choice most effectively establishes the main topic of the paragraph?

Select the Correct Answer:
Kingman is considered a pioneer of the California Style school of painting.
Although cities were his main subject, Kingman did occasionally paint natural landscapes.
In his urban landscapes, Kingman captures the vibrancy of crowded cities.
In 1929 Kingman moved to Oakland, California, where he attended the Fox Art School.
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