Endodontics
Course Review
Enoch Ng, DDS 2014
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Split Tooth
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Progresses from cracked tooth
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Segments are mobile
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Usually extracted
For some Mx molars, sometimes can NSRCT, mobile segment can be removed, then restored
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Vertical Root Fracture
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Longitudinal fracture originating from root
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Usually involves previously RCT treated tooth
Force from impaction of GP (84%)
Operative and post-space errors second most likely cause (too long, too wide)
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Buccal-lingual fractures initiated at root
Factors beyond Operator Control
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Canal shape and size
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Dentin thickness
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Much of fracture susceptibility is intrinsic to root and canal morphology – beyond clinicial control
Dental History and Exam for Vertical Root Fractures
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Repeated occlusal adjustments with temporary symptom relief
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Variable discomfort with biting/touch
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Patient reports gum-bump/boil, bad taste, drainage
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Clinical Exam
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Palpate gingiva to assess for fenestrations, dehiscence
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Variable percussion sensitivity
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Sinus tract(s)
Perio pockets – 78%
Isolated perio probing pocket – suggestive of deep crack or VRF
Must rule out endo perio lesion with drainage through sulcus
Radiolucency – 72%
Diffuse longitudinal radiolucency (J-shaped or halo-like appearance) suggests VRF
Take PAs from multiple angles
Fracture not visualized unless beam passes through exactly the same plane as fracture
Swelling – 53%
Sinus tracts – 42%
Average time from RCT to VRF = 10.8 years
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Surgical Assessment
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Allows for visual assessment of root surface if a crack is highly suspected and cannot be confirmed by
other diagnostic means
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Treatment – extraction (or for some multirooted Mx molars, root amputation)
Longitudinal Root Fracture Summary
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Loose tooth, endo treated, operative procedures, post space
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Factors that induce stress – post placement, obturation, parafunctional habits
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Cracked teeth – present with variable symptoms – multiple tests most predictable way to reach sound diagnosis
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Prognosis of cracked tooth depends on extent of crack
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If symptoms have been unresolved by dental treatment(s), should suspect cracks and fractures