Luttrell 2012
105
Name: ______________________
Date: _____
7d – Prime Factorization continued
Whereas the LCM, least common multiple, is the
union
of the two circles in a Venn diagram, the
GCF would be the
intersection
. The GCF, short for Greatest Common Factor (Divisor), is the
largest factor that divides into each number evenly. In the Venn diagram, it is the region
overlapped by both circles. So the GCF(18, 24) is 6.
Another wa
y
of finding the GCF is to write the prime factorization of each number and take onl
y
the primes that are in common, and with the least e
x
ponent. The prime factorization of
18 is 2×3
2
and 24 is 2
3
×3, so the GCF would be 2
1
×3
1
which is 6. Of course the way most
elementar
y
and middle schools teach is to list the factors of each number and take the greatest
common number: 18 is 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 and 24 is 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24.
The GCF is useful in simplif
y
ing equations. Say you had an equation such as 4
x
2
+ 12
x
- 20 = 0.
The greatest common factor of 4, 12, and 20 is 4. So you could divide both sides by 4 to get
x
2
+ 3
x
- 5 = 0, making it easier to solve.
The word factoring can be used in other manners.
Factoring out
implies dividing the GCF from
an e
x
pression. The e
x
ample above would be written as 4
x
2
+ 12
x
- 20 = 4(
x
2
+ 3
x
- 5). The
formal name is Converse to Distribution. Another e
x
ample of
factoring out
is 2
x
- 4
y
= 2(
x
- 2
y
).
Find the prime factorization of each:
1. 116
2. 175
3. 216
4. 40
Find the Lowest Common Multiple and Greatest Common Factor of each. Label.
5. 35 and 21
6. 18 and 42
7. 21 and 54
8. 3, 12, and 20
9. 24, 42
10. 15, 36
11. 35, 25, 50
12. 12, 28, 32
13. 64, 32, 56
14. 10, 42, 72
15. 36, 72, 84
16. 8, 15, 20