Luttrell 2012
57
Name: ______________________
Date: _____
4a- Field Axioms
Simplifying any expression or solving any equation requires the use of the following axioms:
Closure
: A set of numbers is closed if the unique sum or product of an operation is also in the
same set. For example: 3+8 = 11, so the set of reals would be closed, but not digits.
Commutativity
:
x
+
y
=
y + x
or
xy = yx.
The order to how the sum or product is obtain is not
important, e.g. 2 + 1 = 1 + 2.
Associativity
: How the sum or product is grouped isn’t important. Examples can be seen in
x
+ (
y + z
) = (
x + y
) +
z
or 2(3×4) = (2×3)×4.
Distribution
of
Multiplication
Over
Addition
:
x
(
y + z
) =
xy + xz
Identity
: Zero plus any number remains that number. One times any number remains that
number. For example: 0+2 = 2, 1×2 = 2. Identity is about leaving the value unchanged!
Inverse
: To obtain zero, sum the number and its opposite. To obtain a one, multiply the number
and its reciprocal. The Inverse defines subtraction and division! For example:
2 + (-2) = 0 which is the same as 2 - 2 = 0. You can see it with 2(½) = 1 which is 2/2 = 1.
1. What is the additive inverse of ⅝?
2. Write an example of the distribution property.
3. What is the multiplicative invers
e of ⅓?
4. What is the multiplicative inverse of
x
?
5. Rewrite the following using addition: 5 - 5 = 0.
6. Rewrite the following using multiplication: 5/3.
7. Fill in the justifications (axioms) used in the proof of the Multiplicative Property of Zero:
a. 0 = 0
Reflexive Property
b. 0 + 0 = 0
________________
c.
x
(0 + 0) =
x
(0)
Multiplication Property of Equality
d.
x
(0+0) = 0 +
x
(0)
________________
e.
x
(0) +
x
(0) = 0 +
x
(0)
________________
f.
x
(0) = 0
Add/Subtraction Property of Equality
8. Fill in the justifications to the following problem:
a. 4
x
- 3 = 5
Given
b. 4
x
- 3 + 3 = 5 + 3
_______________, Add Property of Equality
c. 4
x
+ 0 = 8
_______________
d. 4
x
= 8
Add Property of Zero
e. (¼)(4
x
) = (¼)(8)
_______________
f. (¼*4)
x
= 2
_______________
g. 1*
x
= 2
_______________
h.
x
= 2
Identity