1. The specific hormone interaction with target cells is provided by:
A
– hormone chemical compound; B – tissue belonging of target cells; C – target cell
origination; D
– existence of receptors for hormone on the target cell plasma membrane; E
– origination of endocrine gland producing hormone.
2. Each of the following statements concerning the adenohypophysis is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– consists of glandular epithelial tissue; B – originates from the neural crest; C – its
endocrine cells respond to signals from the hypothalamus; D
– contains fenestrated
secondary plexus capillaries; E
– is composed of the pars distalis, pars intermedia, and
pars tubularis.
3. Each of the following statements concerning the hypophyseal portal system is
true, EXCEPT:
A
– its capillaries are narrow and continuous; B – its secondary capillary plexus arises
from the portal veins and supplies the adenohypophysis; C
– hypophyseal veins run from
the median eminence along the pars tubularis into the pars distalis; D
– its primary
capillary plexus is located in the median eminence; E
– its primary capillary plexus arises
from the superior hypophyseal arteries and drains into the portal veins.
4. The pars distalis of the adenohypophysis contains the following endocrine cells,
EXCEPT:
A
– acidophils: somatotropes and lactotropes; B – chromophobes; C – basophils:
thyrotropes and gonadotropes; D
– oxytocin-secreting; E – basophils: adrenocorticotropes.
5. Each of the following statements concerning the physiological effect of
adenohypophysial hormones is true, EXCEPT:
A
– GH stimulates long bone growth; B – PR initiates and maintains milk secretion; C –
ACTH controls adrenal medulla secretion; D
– TSH regulates thyroid hormone secretion; E
– FSH and LH regulate gonadal functions.
6. Each of the following statements concerning the neurons of the hypothalamic
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei is true, EXCEPT:
A
– their cell bodies reside in the hypothalamus; B – their axons convey neurosecretory
products to the secondary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system; C
– their axons pass
via the infundibular stalk to the neurohypophysis; D
– their axons terminate on fenestrated
capillaries of the pars nervosa; E
– they secrete oxytocin and ADH.
7. Each of the following statements concerning the pineal gland is true, EXCEPT:
A
– consists of pinealocytes and glial cells; B – produces serotonin (usually during the day)
and melatonin (usually at night); C
– contains calcified concretions called the brain sand; D
– is an epithelial endocrine gland; E – modulates reproductive functions depending on the
day length.
8. Each of the following statements concerning the thyroid gland follicles is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– are surrounded by continuous capillaries; B – are filled with gel-like mass called the
colloid; C
– their wall is made up of follicular and parafollicular cells; D – the colloid
contains thyroglobulin, the inactive storage form of thyroid hormones; E
– are the thyroid
gland functional units.
9. Each of the following statements concerning the thyroid gland follicular cells is
true, EXCEPT:
A
– their basal portions rest on the basal membrane, their apical portions are in contact
with the colloid; B
– their cytoplasm contains colloid-resorbing droplets; C – transport
iodide from blood into their cytoplasm and into the colloid; D
– arise from the neural crest;
E
– secrete thyroxine (T
4
) and triiodothyronine (T
3
).
10. Each of the following statements concerning the process of T
4
and T
3
secretion
is true, EXCEPT: