25. HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY
Directions
: each of the following statements contains five suggested completions. Choose
the one that is best in each case.
1. Each of the following statements concerning implantation is true, EXCEPT:
A
– is a process of blastocyst invasion into the endometrium; B – begins on the 5 or the
6th day when the blastocyst loses the zona pellucida and is attached to the endometrium;
C
– invasion proper lasts about 40 h; D – is hormone-independent; E – finishes when
regenerated epithelium covers the endometrial defect.
2. The events of the second week of embryonic development are as follows,
EXCEPT:
A
– blastocyst formation; B – the first stage of gastrulation; C – amniotic vesicle formation;
D
– chorion development; E – yolk sac formation.
3. Each of the following statements concerning the yolk sac is true, EXCEPT:
A
– exists only two months and then regresses; B – its remnant will be a part of the
umbilical cord; C
– contains yolk and provides embryo nourishment; D – first blood cells
develop in its endoderm; E
– gonoblasts are located in its endoderm before they return
into the embryo.
4. Each of the following statements concerning the chorion functions is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– provides selective exchange between the embryo and maternal organism; B –
secretes enzymes to erode the endometrium; C
– provides immune defence of the
embryo; D
– creates watery environment for the fetus; E – produces human chorionic
gonadotropin.
5. Each of the following statements concerning the decidual reaction is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– trophoblastic cells undergo transformation and become decidual cells; B – implantation
is a stimulus for this reaction; C
– decidual cells are large, pale, and rich in glycogen; D –
decidual cells take part in embryo nourishment; E
– decidual cells create a specialized
layer facilitating placenta separation from the uterus at the end of pregnancy.
6. Each of the following statements concerning the endometrium in pregnancy is
true, EXCEPT:
A
– is called the decidua because it is shed in parturition; B – its decidua basalis underlies
the implantation site; C
– its decidua capsularis separates the embryo from the uterine
lumen; D
– its decidua parietalis includes the remaining part of the endometrium; E – lacks
decidual cells.
7. Each of the following statements concerning the chorion is true, EXCEPT:
A
– its secondary villi become tertiary villi when they acquire blood vessels; B – its portion
associated with the decidua basalis is a villous chorion; C
– its portion associated with the
decidua capsularis is a smooth chorion; D
– its villi are never attached to maternal tissues;
E
– stem villi project from the chorionic plate and are divided into branch villi.
8. Each of the following statements concerning the fetal part of the placenta is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– the umbilical cord is not attached to the fetal surface; B – includes the chorionic plate
and tertiary villi arising from it; C
– the villi project into lacunae and are bathed by maternal
blood; D
– anchoring villi are attached to maternal tissues by the cytotrophoblastic shell; E
– the amnion underlies the chorionic plate and continues as the umbilical cord covering.
9. Each of the following statements concerning the maternal part of the placenta is
true, EXCEPT:
A
– includes the decidua basalis; B – the decidua basalis lacks decidual cells; C –
placental septa project from the decidua basalis towards the chorionic plate; D
– the septa