A
– are tall columnar; B – lack microvilli; C – are specialized for absorption and transport of
substances from the gut lumen to circulation; D
– enterocyte junctions establish a barrier
between the lumen and the intercellular compartment; E
– produce enzymes needed for
terminal digestion and absorption.
9. Each of the following statements concerning the lipid absorption in the small
intestine is true, EXCEPT:
A
– enterocytes absorb fatty acids and glycerol from the lumen; B – enterocytes
resynthesize neutral fat; C
– neutral fat is transported into the lacteal; D – neutral fat is
transported into the blood capillaries; E
– contractions of the villus muscle cells drive away
chyle from the lacteal.
10. Each of the following statements concerning the Paneth cells of the small
intestine mucosa is true, EXCEPT:
A
– are located in villus epithelium; B – have large acidophilic apical granules; C – their
granules contain the antibacterial enzyme lysozyme; D
– their lysozyme digests cell walls
of certain bacteria; E
– take part in regulation of normal intestinal bacterial flora.
11. Each of the following statements concerning the renewal of the intestinal
epithelium is true, EXCEPT:
A
– all mature cells arise from the common stem (intermediate) cells; B – intermediate
cells are located in the lower half of crypts; C
– epithelial cells, except Paneth cells,
migrate from crypts onto villi; D
– Paneth cells are stem cells for intestinal epithelium; E –
mature cells are shed at tops of villi.
12. The distinctive feature of the duodenum is the presence of:
A
– lymphatic nodules; B – Pejer’s patches; C – mucosal villi; D – mucosal crypts; E –
submucosal glands.
Directions
: one or more of the given statements or completions is/are correct. Choose the
answer: A
– if only 1,2, and 3 are correct; B – if only 1 and 3 are correct; C – if only 2 and
4 are correct; D
– if only 4 is correct; E – if all are correct.
13. The gastric surface epithelium is called mucous, because:
(1) it is covered with thick mucus layer (2) gastric mucosa contains glands (3) gastric
glands possess mucous cells (4) each cell of this epithelium produces mucus
14. The following statements regarding the chief cells of the gastric glands are true:
(1) are located in the deepest parts of the fundic glands (2) are typical protein-secreting
cells (3) secrete pepsinogen, an inactive pepsin precursor (4) pepsinogen is converted to
pepsin after contact with the acid gastric juice
15. The following statements regarding the parietal cells of the gastric glands are
true:
(1) are located both in the neck and in the deeper gland parts (2) secrete hydrochloric acid
and the intrinsic factor (3) their cytoplasm stains intensely with eosin and other acid dyes
(4) have an extensive intracellular canalicular system
16. The gastric pits are:
(1) glands (2) crypts (3) villi (4) invaginations of the epithelium into the mucosal lamina
propria
17. The stomach functions are:
(1) chyme formation from the food bolus (2) passage of chyme into the duodenum (3)
protein digestion by pepsin (4) neutral fat absorption
18. The following statements regarding the enteroendocrine cells of the gastric
glands are true:
(1) they are more prevalent at the base of the glands (2) any cells do not reach the gland
lumen (3) some cells are in contact with the gland lumen (4) secrete hormones: gastrin,
secretin, etc.
19. The three smooth muscle layers of the gastric muscularis mucosae provide: