Study Set Content:
stimulate both migration and proliferation of endothelial cells, thus initiating the process of capillary sprouting in angiogenesis.
VEGF-A
stimulate the proliferation of endothelial cells; promote the migration of macrophages and fibroblasts to the damaged area and stimulate epithelial cell migration to cover epidermal wounds.
FGF-2
growth factors that play a role in angiogenesis and the structural maturation of new
vessels.
Angiopoietins 1 and 2
recruits smooth muscle cells
PDGF (platelet-derived growth factors)
suppresses endothelial proliferation and migration and enhances the production of ECM proteins.
TGF-β
suppresses endothelial proliferation and migration and enhances the production of ECM proteins.
TGF-β
regulates the sprouting and branching of new vessels and thus ensures that the new vessels that are formed have the proper spacing to effectively supply the healing tissue with blood
Notch Signaling Pathway
stimulates the expression of Notch ligands,
VEGF
participate in the process of vessel sprouting in angiogenesis, largely through interactions with integrin
ECM proteins
degrade the ECM to permit remodeling and extension of the vascular tube
matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
The levels of TGF-β in tissues are primarily regulated by the
posttranscriptional activation of latent TGF-β
stimulates fibroblast migration and proliferation, increases synthesis of collagen and fibronectin
TGF-B
an anti-inflammatory cytokine that serves to limit and terminate inflammatory responses.
TGF-β
Some of the fibroblasts also acquire features of smooth muscle cells, including the presence of actin filaments, which are called
Myofibroblasts
The outcome of the repair process is influenced by a balance between synthesis and degradation of ECM proteins
Remodeling of Connective Tissue
The degradation of collagens and other ECM components is accomplished by a
Family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
produced by a variety of cell types (fibroblasts, macrophages, neutrophils, synovial cells, and some epithelial cells),
MMPs
Factors that Influence Tissue Repair
- Infection
- Diabetes
- Nutritional status
- Glucocorticoids (steroids) - inhibition of TGF-β production
- Mechanical factors
- Poor perfusion
- Foreign bodies
- The type and extent of tissue injury
- location of the injury
clinically one of the most important causes of delayed healing; it prolongs inflammation and potentially increases the local tissue injury
Infection
is a metabolic disease that compromises tissue repair for many reasons and is one of the most important systemic causes of abnormal wound healing
Diabetes
