Sample paper 5
Passage for Question 1 to 9
At the time Jane Austen's novels were published – between 1811 and 1818 – English literature was
not part of any academic curriculum. In addition, fiction was under strenuous attack. Certain
religious and political groups felt novels had the power to make so called immoral characters so
interesting young readers would identify with them; these groups also considered novels to be of
little practical use. Even Cole-ridge, certainly no literary reactionary, spoke for many when he
asserted that "novel-reading occasions the destruction of the mind's power. These attitudes towards
novels help explain why Ausjten received little attention from early nineteenth century literary
critics. (In any case, a novelist published anonymously, as Austin was, would not be likely to receive
much critical attention). The literary response that was accorded her, however, was often as incisive
as twentieth century criticism. In his attack in 1816 on novelistic portrayals "outside of ordinary
experience, " for example, Scott made an insightful remarks about the merits of Austen;'s fiction.
Her novels, wrote Scott, "present to the reader an accurate and exact. picture of ordinary everyday
people and places, reminiscent of seventeenth –century Flemish painting. " Scott did not use the
word "realistic probability in judging novels. The critic whitely did not use the word realism either,
but he expressed agreement with Scott's evaluation, and went on to suggest the possibilities for
moral instruction in what we have called Austen's realistic method. Her characters, wrote whitely,
are persuasive agents for moral truth since they are ordinary persons "so clearly evoked that was
feel an interest in their fate as if it were our own Moral instruction, explained Whitely, is more likely
to be effective when conveyed through recognizably human and interesting characters then when
imparted by a sermonizing narrator. Whately especially praised Austen's ability to create characters
who "mingle goodness and villainy, weakness and virtue, as in life they are always mingled. "Whately
concluded his remarks by comparing Austen's art of characterization to Sicken's, stating his
preference for Austin's. often anticipated the reservations of twentieth-century critics. An example
of such a response was Lewes' complaint in 1859 that Austen's range of subjects and characters was
too narrow. Praising her verisimilitude, Lewes added that nonetheless her focus was too often upon
only the unlofty and the common place. (Twentieth-century Marxists, on the other hand, were to
complain about what they saw as her exclusive emphasis on a lofty upper-middle class) in any case,
having been rescued by some literary critics from neglect and indeed gradually lionized by them,
Austen's steadily reached, by the mid-nineteenth century, the enviable pinnacle of being considered
controversial.
Question 1
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A.
demonstrate the nineteenth-century preference for realistic novels rather than romantic
ones.
B.
Explain why Jane Austen's novels were not included in any academic curriculum in the early
nineteenth century
C.
Urge a reassessment of Jane Austen's novels by twentieth-century literary critics
D.
Describe some of the responses of nineteenth – century critics tol Jane Austen's novels as
well as to fiction in general