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47) A broad definition of a fossil is: 
 

A) Any preserved trace or remnant of an organism from the past, usually at  

                least 10,000 years old 
 

B) The preserved pieces of hard parts of an organism, such as shell or bone 

C) The preserved bones of vertebrates 

D) A piece of an organism that has turned into a rock 

E) The process of preservation of intact animal bodies 

 
48) The human appendix is an example of a(n): 
          A) Analogous structure 
 

B) Homologous structure 

C) Vestigial structure 

 D) 

Adaptation 

 E) 

Mutation 

 
49) Of all the possible amino acids, all living organisms make use of only the same  
       20 amino acids.  This supports the idea that: 
 

A) Only a limited number of DNA mutations are possible 

B) Bacteria, animals, and plants developed independently 

C) Each species uses a unique set of amino acids 

D) Plants and animals have a completely different ancestry 

E) All living things are derived from a common ancestor 

 
50) Which is NOT an example of evolution? 
 

A) Development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 

B) Flightless birds on islands without predators. 

C) This year's flu is different from last year's flu. 

D) A dog learns how to open the cabinet where its food is kept 

E) Most commercial pesticides are effective for 2-3 years.