Study Set Content:
If an individual gets exposed to the germ in the future, the immune system can quickly
destroy it
may contain living, attenuated, or killed viruses, killed rickettsiae or attenuated or killed bacteria and they are used as inoculations to stimulate the production of antibodies
VACCINES
with living agents is generally preferable to immunization with killed vaccines because of a superior and more long-lived immune response (ex: measles, rubella, mumps vaccine)
Active immunization
provide protection for a short period of time and repeated vaccination is required to maintain protection (ex: typhoid fever, cholera, plague, typhus)
Nonliving vaccines
The benefits of active immunization far outweigh the dangers associated with the use of vaccines; however, () should be followed to ensure optimum effectiveness with a minimum of adverse reactions
precautionary measures
Use of vaccines is contraindicated under conditions in which the immune response may be (), such as during therapy involving corticosteroids, antineoplastic agents, immunosuppressive agents, or radiation; in patients with immunoglobulin deficiency and in patients with latent or active infections
depressed
May cause fever, malaise and soreness at
injection sites
Rubella vaccine SE
arthralgia, arthritis
Pertussis vaccine: SE
convulsions
1976: swine flu vaccine; individuals developed
Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute febrile polyneuritis)
1976: swine flu vaccine; individuals developed Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute febrile polyneuritis); resulted in () mortality rate ▪ Allergic reactions may result
5%
Prophylaxis against
mumps, rubella, rubeola, smallpox, yellow fever
nactivated or killed viruses are used in
influenza and rabies vaccines
Live attenuated or killed viruses fo
poliomyelitis
Living virus of cowpox that has been grown in the skin of a vaccinated bovine calf
SMALLPOX VACCINE
Used preservative
0.5% phenol
Who created smallpox vaccine
Dr. Edward Jenner
Liquid vaccine
kept below 0°C
Dried vaccine
2-8 °C
➢ Immunizing agent and prophylactic before infection occurs
SMALLPOX VACCINE
