- Amino acids: alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glycine, cysteine, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenyalanine, tyrosine, proline, valine, serine,threonine

- Gelatin is an incomplete nutritional protein beacause tryptophan is absent.

- Gelatinizing constituent: known as chondrin

- Adhesive substance: known as glutin