Study Set Content:
The goal of therapeutics is to achieve a desired
beneficial effect with minimal
adverse effects
governs the concentration-effect part of the
interaction
PHARMACODYNAMICS
The pharmacodynamic concepts of (blank)determine the
magnitude of the effect at a particular
concentration.
maximum
response and sensitivity
deals with the dose-concentration part
PHARMACOKINETICS
the pharmacokinetic processes of absorption,
distribution, and elimination determine how
(blank) and for how(blank) the drug will appear at
the target organ.
rapidly, long
Knowing the relationship between dose, drug
concentration, and effects allows the clinician to take into
account the various (blank)features
of a particular patient that make him or her different from
the average individual in responding to a drug.
pathologic and physiologic
The
importance of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patient care thus rests upon the improvement in
(blank) and reduction in(blank)that can be
achieved by application of these principles.
therapeutic benefit, toxicity
PROCESS TO CONSIDER THE SUITABLE DOSE:
Physiologic processes
Pathologic processes
– (eg, body size,
maturation of organ function in infants)
Physiologic processes
(eg, heart failure, renal
failure) dictate dosage adjustment in individual
patients.
Pathologic processes
These processes modify specific (blank)
parameters.
pharmacokinetic
TWO BASIC PARAMETERS:
Clearance, Volume of distribution
the measure of the ability of the body to
eliminate the drug
Clearance
the measure of the
apparent space in the body available to contain the
drug.
Volume of distribution
V =
Amount of drugs in the body/C
Volume of distribution can vastly exceed any
(blank) in the body
physical volume
volume apparently necessary to contain the
amount of drug (blank)at the
concentration found in the blood, plasma or
water.
homogeneously
It is the (blank) of body fluids in which
the drug is being dissolved. This is needed to
estimate the amount of drug in the body.
hypothetical volume
Drugs with very high volumes of distribution have
much higher concentrations in (blank)
than in the vascular compartment, ie, they are not
homogeneously distributed.
extravascular tissue
Drugs that are completely retained within the vascular
compartment, on the other hand, have a minimum
possible volume of distribution equal to the (blank) in which they are distributed, +eg, 0.04
L/kg body weight or 2.8 L/70 kg
blood
component
