Study Set Content:
When clearance is first-order, it can be estimated by
calculating the (blank)of the
time-concentration profile after a dose.
area under the curve (AUC)
Clearance is
calculated from the (blank) divided by the
dose, AUC
Process by which a constant amount of drug is
metabolized per unit of time regardless of the drug
concentration.
ZERO-ORDER KINETICS
If a drug concentration is 100 mg/dL and the
body can remove 5 mg/dL every hour, then 1 hour
later, the concentration will be
95 mg/dL:
is metabolized according to zero order
kinetics
Alcohol
Process by which a constant percentage of
substrate is metabolized per unit time.
ZERO-ORDER KINETICS
The higher the concentration of drug, the (blank) the
absolute amount of drug bio-transformed or excreted
per unit of time
greater
The area under the
plasma drug
concentration-time
curve (AUC) reflects the
actual body exposure to
drug after
administration of a dose
of the drug and is
expressed in
mg*h/L.
is the time required to change the amount
of drug in the body by one-half during elimination (or
during a constant infusion).
Half-life
is useful in determining the excretion rate
and steady-state concentration.
Half-life
is a state that occurs when the amount
of a drug being absorbed is the same amount that is being cleared
from the body when the drug is given continuously or repeatedly.
Steady-state concentration
Most useful in designing drug dosage regimens—the
body may be considered as a single compartment of
a size equal to the
volume of distribution (V).
The time course of drug in the body will depend on
both the
volume of distribution and the clearance:
t 1⁄2 =
0.7 x V/CL
Drugs like digoxin and warfarin have long half-life.
Therefore, it takes(blank) to reach the steady-state
compared to drugs that have a shorter half-life.
longer
Whenever drug doses are repeated, the drug will
accumulate in the body until dosing stops. This is
because it takes an infinite time to(blank) all of a
given dose.
eliminate
in the body IF metabolism or
excretion is not complete before another dose is
given.
Drug accumulates
In practical terms, this means that if the dosing
interval is shorter than(blank), accumulation
will be detectable.
four half-lives
is defined as the fraction of
unchanged drug reaching the systemic
circulation following administration by any route.
Bioavailability
The area under the blood concentration-time curve
(AUC) is (blank) to the extent of bioavailability
for a drug if its elimination is first-order.
proportional
