Study Set Content:
Reduce fevers, but partly because of undesirable side effects
Club mosses
have been used ornamentally indoors and outdoors as ground covers.
Ground pines and spike mosses
have been exploited to the extent that they are now on rare and endangered or threatened species lists; they should no longer be collected.
Lycopodium
have been eaten by domestic and wild animals, waterfowl, and humans
Quillwort corms
Sphenophyta
Division Arthrophyta
contains several genera of extinct plants and one genus called
Equisetum
15 extant species known as
horsetails or scouring rushes
Division Arthrophyta - Sphenophyta The leaves are small and have just a single trace of vascular tissue, but they are small
megaphylls
may attain a height of up to 10 m, they are usually less than 1 m tall. Their aerial stems have a characteristic jointed structure, with a whorl of fused leaves at the nodes.
Division Arthrophyta - Sphenophyta
are small, having vertical shoots that arise from subterranean, highly branched rhizomes
Equisetum plants
each shoot is both photosynthetic and reproductive;
E. debile
E. telmateia (b
two distinct types of shoots are produced
E. debile
R. and L Mitchell
E. telmateia
W. E. Ferguson)
Division Arthrophyta - Sphenophyta Stems have a pith, so these are
siphonosteles, not protosteles.
Vessels are rare outside the flowering plants, occurring only in
Selaginella, four ferns, three genera of gymnosperms, and Equisetum
Division Arthrophyta - Sphenophyta (blank)contains stomatal pores and guard cells, as well as such large amounts of silica that the stems are tough and rigid.
epidermis
Division Arthrophyta sporangia never occur singly but always in groups of
five to ten
located on an umbrella-shaped
sporangiophore
always arranged in compact spirals forming a strobilus.
sporangiophores
