4. Regarding cardiac arrhythmias
a. Heart rate decreases during inspiration
b. Left posterior hemiblock produces abnormal left axis
deviation
c. Heart rate averages 35 beats/min in patients with infranodal
block
d. Short PR interval and normal QRS complex characterizes
Wolff Parkinson White syndrome
e. The congenital forms of long QT syndrome have been found
to be caused by genetic defects in calcium channels.
5. The following changes would be seen on an ECG in a patient with
serum potassium levels >8.5 mmol/l EXCEPT
a. p waves
b. Slurred QRS complex
c. Tall peaked T waves
d. QRS complex = 0.2 secs
e. Irregular rhythm
6. Regarding the cardiac cycle
a. Peak LV pressure is about 180 mmHg
b. End diastolic ventricular volume = 130 ml
c. Isovolumetric ventricular contraction lasts about 0.5 seconds
d. 70% of ventricular filling occurs via atrial contraction
e. The amount of blood ejected by each ventricle per stroke at
rest = 50 ml
7. Regarding the jugular venous pulse
a. A ‘V’ wave mirrors the rise in atrial pressure before the
tricuspid valve closes
b. “A” wave is due to atrial diastole
c. Venous pressure increases during inspiration
d. “C” wave occurs during isovolumetric ventricular contraction
e. Giant “V” waves may indicate complete heart block