a. Increased renin
b. Increased GFR
c. Increased angiotensin II
d. Increased aldosterone
e. ?
11. rheumatic carditis is associated with
a. Curschmann spirals
b. Ito cells
c. Aschoff bodies
d. Nutmeg cells
e. Reed-Sternberg cells
12. Regarding myocardial infarction:
a. The size of the infarct is independent of collateral circulation
b. Is mainly precipitated by vasospasm
c. Irreversible tissue damage appears within 30 minutes
d. Acute cellular swelling is due to ATP depletion
e. Occlusion of right coronary artery is responsible for most infarcts in
the anterior wall of the left ventricle
13. The most common form of congenital heart disease is
a. Coarctation of the aorta
b. Tetralogy of Fallot
c. ASD
d. PDA
e. VSD
14. Myocardial infarction:
a. Is usually a consequence of coronary vessel occlusion by embolus
b. Is characterized morphologically by liquefactive necrosis
c. Is most commonly complicated by ventricular rupture
d. Can be either transmural or subendocardial
e. Is apparent on light microscopy within minutes
15. All of the following are cardiac compensatory responses that occur
in heart failure except:
a. Cardiac muscle fibre stretching
b. Increased adrenergic receptors on cardiac cells
c. Chamber hypertrophy
d. Decreased heart rate
e. Increased vasopressin levels
16. The most common cause of pericarditis is
a. SLE
b. Drug hypersensitivity
c. Trauma
d. Post myocardial infarction
e. Bacterial
17. all of the following are features of rheumatic fever EXCEPT