c. Affects small arteries including ophthalmic
d. Has an increased prevalence of HLA-DR4
e. Has no gastrointestinal manifestations
10. Select the true statement concerning atherosclerosis
a. Congenital absence of LDL cholesterol leads to premature
atherosclerosis
b. Thoracic aorta is more likely to be involved than the abdominal
c. Fatty streaks appear in the aortas of children as young as 1 year
d. Fatty streaks are destined to become atherosclerotic plaques
e. Endothelial disruption always precedes atheroma development
11. Select the false statement concerning atherosclerosis
a. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is associated with inadequate hepatic
uptake of LDL
b. CMV has been detected in human atheromatous plaques
c. Fibrous atheromatous plaques are capable of regression
d. Foam cells can be considered to be specialized macrophages
e. Atherosclerosis is associated with medial calcific sclerosis
12. With regard to aortic dissection, which is INCORRECT?
a. It tends to occur in 40-60 year old men
b. Approximately 90% of non-traumatic cases occur in patients with
antecedent hypertension
c. It is usually associated with marked dilation of the aorta
d. It is unusual in the presence of substantial atherosclerosis
e. It is usually caused by an intimal tear within 10cm of the aortic valve
13. Regarding the plaque in atherosclerosis, which is CORRECT?
a. Mixture of cells and connective tissure matrix
b. Rarely causes microemboli
c. Coronary arteries are the most affected
d. Thoracic aorta is more affected than the abdominal aorta
e. ?
14. Regarding atherosclerosis
a. Coronart arteries equally affected as renal arteries
b. Exclusively affects medium and large arteries
c. Increased incidence in hypothyroidism
d. Decreased incidence in nephritic syndrome
e. ?
15. Atherosclerotic plaques
a. Are located within the media
b. Involve the coronary arteries most heavily
c. Contain foam cells that are derived from macrophages and smooth
muscle cells
d. Are commonly found in arteries of the upper limb
e. Are rarely found at the ostia of branches of the descending aorta
16. false aneurysms