 New() of information not available from premarketing studies discovery of previously undetected adverse and beneficial effects (e.g., uncommon, delayed, or rare effects)

 formulation of () guidelines finding material for possible new indications understanding how the medicine is being utilized in routine clinical practice describe the characteristics of patients who receive the medicine patterns of medicines prescribing (the appropriateness of use)

 medication adherence and persistence patterns as () of predictors for medication use.

 evaluation of effects of medicines () in everyday use determine the frequency and distribution of medicines use outcomes in a population (“Real-world data” (RWD) and “Real-world evidence” (RWE), focusing on what is being used (assessment of specific medicines being used in certain situations) how it is being used (assessment of the patterns of use, including how much, where and when, and by whom); why it is being used (assessment of the reasons for medicines-taking behaviours and the functions that medicines serve in society)