Study Set Content:
To ensure safe, effective, and personalized drug therapies
Clinical Pharmacology
By understanding the impact of medications in large, diverse populations, pharmacoepidemiology plays a crucial role in improving public health outcomes. This includes reducing medication-related adverse effects and ensuring the safe use of pharmaceuticals.
Public Health Impact:
Pharmacoepidemiology provides healthcare providers, patients, and regulators with data to make better-informed decisions about drug prescriptions, use, and potential risks
Informed Decision-Making:
Findings from pharmacoepidemiological studies can influence health policy and guidelines for the use of medications in various populations (e.g., children, the elderly, pregnant women)
Policy Development
One prominent example of pharmacoepidemiology is the surveillance of (). In the late 1950s and early 1960s, () was marketed as a safe sedative, but it was linked to severe birth defects. Pharmacoepidemiological studies in the years following its release helped raise awareness about the drug’s dangers, leading to tighter regulations and better safety monitoring for new medications.
Thalidomide
In summary,() bridges the gap between drug development and public health by studying the effects and safety of medications once they are used in the general population. It helps ensure that the benefits of pharmaceutical interventions outweigh the risks and that they are used appropriately to improve health outcomes.
pharmacoepidemiology
: Used to follow groups of people who are exposed to a certain drug and compare them to unexposed groups over time
Cohort Studies
: Comparing individuals who experience a specific outcome (e.g., a disease) to those who do not, to identify factors like drug use that may contribute to the outcome
Case-Control Studies
Though they are the gold standard for evaluating drug efficacy, RCTs in pharmacoepidemiology often focus on broader, real-world data involving diverse patient populations.
Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
Ongoing monitoring of drug safety once a drug has been approved and is in widespread use. This often involves collecting data on ADRs through reporting systems like the FDA's MedWatch or the WHO's VigiBase.
Pharmacovigilance
“The continued watchfulness over the distribution and trends of incidence (of a disease) through the systematic collection, consolidation and evaluation of morbidity and mortality reports and other relevant data.”
Surveillance – Alexander Langmuir, 1963
“ The systematic collection and use of epidemiologic information for the planning and implementation and assessment of diseases control.
– 21st World Health Assembly 1968
Utilizing the Public Health Approach (); - the essence of public health surveillance is the use of data to monitor health problems to facilitate their prevention or control.
Surveillance, risk factor identification, intervention implementation and evaluation
Some Uses of Public Health Surveillance:
a.) Describe the () of potential for disease
b.) Monitor () and () in disease, risk factors, and agents
c.) Detect sudden () in disease occurrence and distribution
d.) Provide () for program, policies and priorities
e.) evaluate () and control efforts
burden, trends, patterns, changes, data, prevention
established by the Department of Health (DOH), is a comprehensive framework for monitoring, detecting, and responding to various diseases and health events, aiming to strengthen the capacity of local government units for early detection and response to outbreaks.
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (PIDSR)
aims to strengthen the Philippine epidemiologic surveillance and response system by integrating multiple components like surveillance, laboratory confirmation, outbreak response, and public health interventions.
PIDSR
Integrated Approach: PIDSR integrates various surveillance systems, including the (), EPI Surveillance, and the ()
National Epidemiology Surveillance System (NESSS), National Disease Reporting System (NDRS)
PIDSR : It uses () for specific diseases to ensure consistent reporting and data collection.
standard case definitions
A crucial aspect of PIDSR is the timely()() to unusual health events or disease outbreaks, using information from various sources like media reports, community rumors, and healthcare facility alerts
detection and response
The system monitors() diseases and syndromes that have the potential to cause outbreaks.
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