Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans
20
A
B
C
D
If
ABC
is a right triangle, with right angle at
A
, and
AD
is perpen-
dicular to
BC
, then the triangles
DBA
and
DAC
are similar to
ABC
.
Applying the proportionality of sides we have
|
BA
|
2
=
|
BD
| |
BC
|
|
AC
|
2
=
|
CD
| |
BC
|
It follows that
|
BA
|
2
+
|
AC
|
2
=
|
BC
|
2
Finally we state and prove what is now called the Pythagorean Theorem
as it appears in Euclid
The Elements
.
Theorem I-47
. In right-angled triangles, the square upon the hy-
potenuse is equal to the sum of the squares upon the legs.
A
C
B
D
E
L
M
N
G
Pythagorean Theorem
Proof requirements:
SAS congruence,
Triangle area =
/2
= base
= height
hb
b
h