Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans
25
sides where the
p
1
, . . . , p
r
are distinct
Fermat primes
. A Fermat prime
is a prime having the form
2
2
n
+ 1
.
In about 1630, the Frenchman Pierre de Fermat (1601 - 1665) con-
jectured that all numbers of this kind are prime. But now we know
differently.