21
atmosphere
October evening
Peaceful/tranquil scene with beautiful autumn leaves on
trees, fifty-nine swans paddling calmly on the lake and
the lake reflecting the sky like a mirror
Form and structure
Regular lyrical form with five stanzas of six lines each
The second and fourth lines rhyme in each stanza, while
the fifth and sixth lines form a rhyming couplet
Alternate long and short lines
Sound effects
Alliteration: “b” in “bell-beat”; “k” sounds in “cold
companionable”; “w” sounds in “wander where they
will”
Assonance: repetition of “i” sound in “drift on the still
waters, mysterious, beautiful”
Consonance of ‘l’ throughout the poem
The use of sound devices, rhyme and rhythm
contributes to the harmonious musical effect of the
poem,
mimicking
the
fluid
movement
and
paddling/flipping of the swans
Poetic devices
Rich imagery to show the beauty of nature
Visual – “brimming water”
Auditory – “bell-beat of their wings”
Tactile – “trod with a lighter tread”, “paddle in cold
companionable streams”
Personification: swans are endowed with human
qualities such as “passion or conquest”
Metaphor: the lake is compared to a mirror; the flapping
of the swans’ wings is likened to the beating of a bell
Contrast: past vs. present; unwearied swans vs. the
speakers’ aging fading self (transience vs. immortality)
Symbolism: the swans symbolise permanence and
immortality, as well as passion, energy, ambition and
beauty that can stand the test of time
Diction/word
choice/use of
language
Simple and descriptive language
Short everyday words
Repetition of the word “still”
Through colour-coding different elements of the analytical paragraph, teachers can
develop students’ ability to monitor, regulate and review their own writing, as well as to
identify the inadequacy in their own answers. Peer feedback could be encouraged by
engaging the class in identifying the strengths of some outstanding paragraphs in terms
of the ideas, structure and language, as well as pointing out the problems in some less
satisfactory paragraphs and suggesting ways to enrich and improve them.