3

UNIT 1

Questions 1 – 3

The best way to grasp the human significance of photography is not to think of camera, film
and tripod as something external to human nature, but as evolutionary developments — as
much a part of human nature as one’s thumb. A deficiency existed, of sorts, in the way our
sensory and information storing capacities functioned. They had limits, and photography was
one way to overcome those limits. The limit in human functioning is simply this: though we
can see things very well, we cannot reliably bring up the image for repeated viewing. Instead,
visual images are incompletely stored in memory, often in a highly schematic form, and
subject to decay and distortion.

Moreover, memory is private: it does not directly take the form of an external object that

others can see. And when the person dies, all of the images stored in his or her brain vanish.
It is the perishability of our visual experience that led humankind to seek to fix it by placing
it on a more permanent record, more available to public scrutiny than the brain. A first
solution to this problem came about through the development of skills in painting and
drawing. Humankind had the capacity to depict what was seen by representing those forms
and colours on an external surface, such as the wall of a cave, or papyrus, silk or canvas. But
it required a special talent to do this, which only a few people possessed.

1

The limitation in human functioning referred to in the first paragraph is best described as an inability to

A

view things accurately enough for all purposes.

B

process instantaneously a complete visual image.

C

store a detailed image of something one has seen.

D

recall visual material accurately, particularly over a period of time.

2

The writer uses the example of a person’s thumb and evolutionary development (lines 2 – 3) to make the
point that the camera

A

has replaced part of humankind’s sensory capacities.

B

is essentially an extension of humankind’s sensory capacities.

C

has utilised sensory capacities in humankind which were previously undeveloped.

D

has been so widely accepted by humankind that it has become a crutch on which we are dependent.

3

The additional limitations of memory described in lines 9 – 12 relate to humankind’s

A

need for self-expression.

B

insistence on the right to privacy.

C

desire to communicate observations.

D

need to keep detailed records on individuals.

5

10

15