Study Set Content:
Copper
Penicillamine
refers to inflammation of the mucous lining of the mouth, which can manifest as painful ulcers, redness, and swelling.
Stomatitis
What deficiency can cause stomatitis
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
is known to affect oral mucosa health
Riboflavin
s a rare genetic disorder affecting approximately 1 in 30,000 individuals. It involves abnormal copper accumulation primarily in the liver and brain due to mutations in the ATP7B gene. The condition progresses through distinct stages, leading to serious complications if untreated.
Wilson's disease
copper initially accumulates in the liver due to impaired excretion mechanisms
Stage 1
this accumulation leads to liver damage and release of excess copper into the bloodstream.
Stage 2
involves deposition in extrahepatic tissues, particularly affecting the brain, kidneys, and eyes, leading to various organ dysfunctions.
Stage 3
represents the therapeutic intervention phase where chelation therapy aims to restore normal copper balance.
Stage 4
Releases neurotransmitters, affects mood modulation and cognitive function
Nicotine
Stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Nicotine
Serotonin receptor agonist
LSD
Acts on GABA receptors
GHB
CB1/CB2 receptor activation
Marijuana
Blocks dopamine reuptake
Cocaine
Blocks adenosine receptors, increases neurotransmitter activity
caffeine
Euphoric effects,
Nicotine
Sedation, euphoria, memory loss
LSD
enhanced cognitive performance
Nicotine
Hallucinations
LSD
