Study Set Content:
TOXICOLOGY Derived from:
Toxicon
Toxicon
arrow poison
as a noun, dates back to the Old French poison or puison, meaning, originally, a drink, especially a medical drink, but later signifying more of a magical potion or poisonous drink.
Poison
Defned as the study of the adverse efects of xenobiotics and thus is a borrowing science that has evolved from ancient poisoners.
Toxicology
The study of the adverse efects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on living organisms and the ecosystem, including the prevention and amelioration of such adverse efects
Poison
studies the agents responsible for adverse efects, the mechanisms involved, the damage that may ensue, testing methodologies to determine the extent of damage, and ways to avoid or repair it. Toxicology is traditionally associated with chemical exposures.
Toxicology
a sub discipline of toxicology, studies biological exposures, such as insect stings, poisonous mushrooms and plants, venomous snakes and aquatic life. The third category of toxicology is concerned with physical hazards, such as radiation and noise.
Toxinology
Founder of Chinese Herbal Medicine. Also known as the farmer god.
Shen Nong
Said to live circa 2800 BC, saved his subjects from the worry of trying diferent potential food plants to decide whether they were poisonous. He was said to have tasted hundreds of herbs daily to diferentiate the poisonous from the medicinal or just plain edible.
Shen Nong
Shen Nong Author of (), the world’s frst pharmacological compendium, a compilation of oral traditions compiled in the 3rd century AD.
Divine Farmer’s Classic of Materia Medica
Discovered tea when, sitting under a Camellia tree, dried leaves fell into the water he was boiling to drink.
Shen Nong
is the standard word for poison or toxicity in Chinese. It was understood by the ancient Chinese that drugs (herbals in this instance) were potentially toxic, and dose played a role.
Du
ancient Chinese poison, one of many potions residing in that blurry historical space between fact and legend. Presumably, a variety of venomous creatures such as snakes, lizards, scorpions, and insects were confned in a container and left to devour each other until only one was left. This survivor thus concentrated in its body the toxins of all its former cell mates and the venom extracted from it was believed to be superbly potent.
Gu
An Indian surgeon
Sushruta
Volume 5 of his medical and surgical compendium(), a foundational work in Ayurveda (traditional Indian medicine), contains several chapters related to poisons and poisoning, including descriptions of vegetable and mineral poisons (Sthavara) and animal poisons (Jangama), as well as advice on medical treatment of snake bites and insect bites.
, Suśrutasamhitā
one of the eight clinical specialties of Ayurvedic medicine specifcally associated with toxicology.
Agada Tantra
The so-called “venomous virgin”; from an Indian tale frst mentioned in the Suśrutasamhitā
Visakanya
This maiden, sometimes referred to as the “(),” would, as a young girl, be fed “tolerably minute, but gradually increasing, amounts of poison or snake venom, and that by the time she was an attractive young woman, the level of toxin in her body would be so high that she could be sent to an enemy king as a gift. Upon kissing her, making love to her, or even just sharing glass of wine with her, he would instantly fall dead.”
poison damsel
one of the four texts sacred to Hinduism that includes hymns related to poisons
Rig Veda
Her knowledge of natural primitive toxicology permitted her to use the more genteel method of falling on her asp.
Cleopatra
