Prepared by M.L. Thompson, Ph. D., Dept. of General Dentistry, Tufts Dental School
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9
d. Protein synthesis on mammalian but not bacterial ribosomes
(c) that’s why it is selectively toxic. Wouldn’t you like it if your
doctor prescribed a drug for you that did (d)?
24. The probable mechanism of the bacteriostatic action of sulfonamides
involves
a. Disruption of the cell membrane
b. Coagulation of intracellular proteins
c. Reduction in oxygen utilization by the cells
d. Inhibition of metabolism by binding acetyl groups
e. Competition with para-aminobenzoic acid in folic acid synthesis
(e) memorize
25. The sulfonamides act by
a. Suppressing bacterial protein synthesis
b. Inhibiting the formation of the cytoplasmic bacterial membrane
c. Inducing the formation of "lethal" bacterial proteins
d. Inducing a deficiency of folic acid by competition with para-
aminobenzoic acid
(d) same as above worded differently
26. Which antibiotic is able to achieve a higher concentration in bone
than in serum?
a. penicillin
b. erythromycin
c. clindamycin
d. metronidazole
e. amoxicillin
(c) that’s why it is very useful for treating bone infections such
as osteomyelitis. The question might have substituted gingival
fluid for bone – that would make the answer tetracycline
27. Tetracycline reduces the effectiveness of concomitantly administered
penicillin by
a. Reducing absorption of penicillin
b. Increasing metabolism of penicillin
c. Increasing renal excretion of penicillin
d. Increasing binding of penicillin to serum proteins
e. None of the above
(e) tetracycline is bacteriostatic and would slow the rapid
growth of the microbial population that a bactericidal drug such
as penicillin needs to be effective, sine only when rapidly
dividing are the cells making cell walls
37. The action of which of the following drugs will most likely be impaired
by concurrent administration of tetracycline?
a. Clarithromycin
b. Erythromycin
c. Sulfonamide
d. Penicillin
e. Lincomycin
(d) the classic cidal- static interaction! See above, since this is
just a reworded version of the same fact
28. Which of the following antibiotics is most likely to cause liver
damage?
a. Streptomycin
b. Penicillin G
c. Tetracycline
d. Cephalosporins
e. Amphotericin B
(c) (a) streptomycin can damage the eighth nerve, affecting
both balance and hearing, but is not associated with liver
damage. (b) other than allergic reactions, penicillins are
extremely safe, with no effect on the liver. (d) the
cephalosporins are chemically related to the penicillins and
share their relatively nontoxic nature. (e) amphotericin B, is an
antifungal agent that produces such adverse side effects as
nephrotoxicity and hypokalemia, but not liver toxicity. Thus (c) is
the correct answer. Tetracyclines have been shown to be
hepatotoxic following high doses in pregnant patients with a
history of renal disease.
29. Which of the following erythromycins associated with an allergic
cholestatic hepatitis?
a. Erythromycin base
b. Erythromycin stearate
c. Erythromycin estolate
d. Erythromycin succinate
(c) just because
30. Which of the following antibiotics is LEAST likely to cause
superinfection?
a. Gentamicin
b. Tetracycline
c. Penicillin G
d. Streptomycin
e. Chloramphenicol
(c) superinfections are usually seen following the use of broad
spectrum agents. Of those listed, all are wide spectrum except
Pen-G
31. Gastrointestinal upset and pseudomembranous colitis has been
prominently associated with
a. Nystatin
b. Cephalexin
c. Clindamycin
d. Polymyxin B
e. Erythromycin
(c) The only 2 possibilities that produce GI upset are (c) and
(e). As for producing colitis, (b) and (c) are associated with this
adverse side effect. (c) is the only drug which does both,
therefore it's the right answer.
32. Symptoms that may be characterized as allergic manifestations
during penicillin therapy are
a. Deafness, dizziness and acute anemia
b. Crystalluria, nausea, vomiting and anaphylactic shock
c. Oliguria, hematuria, bronchoconstriction and cardiovascular
collapse
d. Dermatitis, stomatitis, bronchoconstriction and cardiovascular
collapse
(d)
33. Aplastic anemia is a serious toxic effect that occurs particularly after
a course of treatment with which of the following antibiotics?
a. Penicillin
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