Study Set Content:
The most important biosynthesis of carbohydrates takes place in p
plants
• In the process of photosynthesis, the energy of the
sun
• In the process of photosynthesis, the energy of the sun is built into
chemical bonds of carbohydrates.
Although the primary product of photosynthesis is
glucose
Although the primary product of photosynthesis is glucose, it is largely converted to other carbohydrates, mainly
cellulose and starch.
Carbohydrates of plants serve as the basic carbohydrate supply of all animals, including
humans
produced in muscles by glycolysis
Lactate
Lactate produced in muscles by glycolysis is transported by the blood to the
liver
in the liver converts lactate to
glucose
in the liver converts lactate to glucose, which can be carried back to the muscles by the blood
Gluconeogenesis
formation of glycogen when glucose supplies exceed cellular need for ATP synthesis
Glycogenesis
breakdown of glycogen in response to low blood glucose
glycogenolysis
The main dietary carbohydrates are the
polysaccharide starch, the disaccharides lactose and sucrose, and the monosaccharides glucose and fructose.
Before the body can absorb carbohydrates, it must break down into
monosaccharides
Before the body can absorb carbohydrates, it must break down into monosaccharides because only monosaccharides can pass into the
bloodstream
How does the body process dietary carbohydrates? The monosaccharide units are connected by
glycosidic bonds
Glycosidic bonds are cleaved by
hydrolysis
The monosaccharide units are connected by glycosidic bonds. Glycosidic bonds are cleaved by hydrolysis. In the body, this hydrolysis is catalyzed by
acids and enzymes
The monosaccharide units are connected by glycosidic bonds. Glycosidic bonds are cleaved by hydrolysis. In the body, this hydrolysis is catalyzed by acids and enzymes. When a metabolic need arises, storage polysaccharides –
mylose, amylopectin, and glycogen
The monosaccharide units are connected by glycosidic bonds. Glycosidic bonds are cleaved by hydrolysis. In the body, this hydrolysis is catalyzed by acids and enzymes. When a metabolic need arises, storage polysaccharides – amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen – are
hydrolyzed
