Study Set Content:
Parenteral From Greek words
para” and “enteron”
injectable routes of administration = other than the oral
Parenteral
are organic metabolic products shed from gram negative bacteria, which can cause fever and hypotension in patients when they are in excessive amounts in intravenous (IV) injections.
Bacterial endotoxin
(blank)drug action in emergencies
Rapid
Total
bioavailability
For patient that are uncooperative, unconscious, unable to swallow or tolerate
oral medicine
Mostly administered by a(blank) in a hospital, clinic, or extended health care facility
HCP
Parenteral routes
1) Intravenous Route*
2) Intramuscular Route*
3) Subcutaneous Route*
4) Intradermal
5) Intraspinal
offers 100% bioavailaibility, rapid & predictable response, and high volume administration
Intravenous
Intravenous (IV or i.v.) Usually on the
back of the hand or internal flexure of the elbow
Drug solutions at high or low pH or highly concentrated hypertonic solutions will damage the cells lining the vein and cause localized pain and inflammation called
thrombophlebitis
Placement for IV
central line
is less rapid but longer lasting than IV
Intramuscular or IM
source because its long-lasting to stay in the muscles
Depot
Intramuscular (IM or i.m.) is administrated where
Shoulder muscles, buttock, thigh
method for all I.M. injections in adults. This prevents drug leakage into the subcutaneous tissue, helps seal the drug in the muscle, and minimizes skin irritation.
Z-track method
Z-track technique
Pull the skin by about (blank) to displace the underlying tissue
2.5-3.75
While (blank) the skin, administer the injection
holding
Allow the skin to return to its normal position, trapping the (blank) in the muscle
drug
Aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions can be administered in volumes of up to
4 mL
