Study Set Content:
> 1000
waxlike white
PEG is a polymer o
ethylene oxide and water
We usually use combinations of PEGs with different MW until we get the desired
consistency
2 types of incorporation
extemporaneous
industrial
mortar and pestle, spatule and pill tile
extemporaneous
ointment mill, unguator
Industrial
Blending techniques like(blank) may be used
levigation, geometric dilution, pulverization by intervention
all or some of the components of an ointment are combined by being melted together and cooled with constant stirring until congealed
Fusion
example of extemporaneous
porcelain dish or glass beaker
example of industrial
steam-jacketed kettles and ointment mill
oils+waxes melted at 70-75 degrees
Non-aqueous phase
polar components heated to 70-75 degrees
aqueous phase
nonaqueous phase and aqueous phase
melting
aqueous phase is slowly poured into non-aqueous phase (mixed fro 5-10 min at 70-75 degrees) cooled doown and allowed to congeal
emulsification
Compendial tests
Microbial content
Minimum fill
Viscosity
In vitro drug release
Sterility test for ophthalmic preparations
Preservatives
- parabens, phenols, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and quaternary ammonium salts
must be absent
Betamethasone Valerate Ointment, USP - S. aureus and Ps. aeruginosa
Rectal, urethral, or vaginal use should be tested for
yeasts and molds
Always remember! All products for the eyes must be
sterile
Semisolid preparations containing one or more medicinal agents dissolved or dispersed in either a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion or an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion or in another type of water- washable base
creams
