Study Set Content:
Important for palatability of oral solutions
Colorants, Flavorants, Sweeteners
Generally improves stability & compatibility of the product
Preservatives, Antioxidants, Chelating agents, pH/isotonicity adjusters
Common excipients in pharmaceutical solutions
co-solvents
flavoring agents
coloring agents
sweeteners
ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol
co-solvents
the concentration of (blank) should be limited as it exerts a pharmacological action following oral administration
ethanol
used to mask the taste of drugs, many of which have a very unpleasant taste. synthetic or naturally occurring flavorings such as vanilla, orange oil, lemon oil are used for oral solutions
flavoring agents
used in both oral and nasal solutions
menthol
appeal to certain patient populations and certain parts of the world; this mist be borne in mind by the formulator. for example, fruit and bubblegum flavors are acceptable to children, whilst mint flavor is not
gelatin flavors
a coloring agent should correlate with the flavoring agent, e.g. green with mint, red with cherry flavor. like flavors, color preference varies between cultures
coloring agents
used to improve the palatability of oral solutions
sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, saccharin sodium, xylitol, high fructose corn syrup
sweetened, but sugar free, preparations containing aspartame are suitable for diabetic patients and are not caroigenic
sweeteners
used to preserve multidose preparations
antimicrobial preservatives
examples of anti microbial preservative s
benzalkonium chloride, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, thimerosal, combinations of parabens (methyl, propyl, butyl)
sodium metabisulphite, sodium sulphite, sodium bisulfate ascorbic acid, used to stabilize solutions
antioxidants
used to increase solution stability
disodium edentate
disodium edentate
chelating agents
citric acid, buffers
acids
sodium hydroxide, buffers
alkalai
acids, alkali
ph adjusters
sodium chloride
isotonicity adjsuters
