(1) are synthesized by the neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate, ventromedial, and
dorsomedial nuclei (2) are releasing and inhibitory factors (3) their synthesis and discharge
are controlled by negative feedback (4) are accumulated and released into the
bloodstream in the pars nervosa
21. The following statements regarding the neurohypophysis are true:
(1) originates from nervous tissue (2) contains nonmyelinated axons, pituicytes,
fenestrated capillaries, and the Herring bodies (3) store and release into the blood
secretory product from the hypothalamus (4) is a typical endocrine gland
22. The following statements regarding the Herring bodies are true:
(1) are dilated terminal portions of hypothalamic neuron axons (2) accumulate granules of
oxytocin and ADH (3) are in contact with fenestrated capillaries (4) are located in the pars
distalis of the adenohypophysis
23.
The
following
statements
regarding
the
functional
effect
of
the
neurohypophysial hormones are true:
(1) oxytocin promotes contraction of the uterine muscle cells (2) physiological ADH doses
increase blood pressure by contraction of the arteriolar muscle cells (3) oxytocin stimulates
contraction of the breast myoepithelial cells providing milk ejection (4) nonphysiological
ADH doses are responsible for water resorption by the kidney nephron tubular cells
24. The following statements regarding the pituicytes are true:
(1) are principal cells of the neurohypophysis (2) store and release the hypothalamic
hormones (3) are glia-like cells similar to astrocytes (4) are endocrine cells
25. The morphological features of the thyroid gland hyperfunction are as follows:
(1) follicular cells become columnar (2) follicles enlarge in diameter (3) the colloid is more
vacuolated and resorbed rapidly (4) the colloid amount increases
26. The morphological features of the thyroid gland hypofunction are as follows:
(1) follicular cells become flat (2) follicles enlarge in diameter (3) the colloid is less
vacuolated due to the inhibition of its resorption (4) the colloid amount is reduced
27. The following statements regarding the thyroid follicular cell hormones are true:
(1) are thyroxine and triiodothyronine (2) regulate cell and tissue metabolism (3) their
release is controlled by the feedback system (4) their secretion is stimulated by TSH
28. The following statements regarding the parathyroid glands are true:
(1) contain principal and oxyphil endocrine cells (2) their endocrine cell cords are
surrounded by fenestrated blood capillaries (3) produce parathyroid hormone (4) are
adenohypophysis-dependent glands
29. The following statements regarding the parathyroid hormone (PTH) are true:
(1) increases the blood calcium level (2) its secretion is regulated by serum calcium levels
(3) stimulates bone resorption by osteoclasts (4) reduces the kidney exretion and
increases the intestinal absorption of calcium
30. The following statements regarding the adrenal medulla chromaffin cells are
true:
(1) are equivalent to postganglionic neurons (2) sympathetic nerve fibres are in contact
with them (3) release their hormones in response to nerve impulses (4) glucocorticoids
induce them to convert norepinephrine to epinephrine
31. The catecholamines produce the following effects:
(1) increase in blood pressure (2) dilation of the coronary blood vessels (3) increase in the
heart rate (4) increase in the rate and depth of breathing
32. The following statements regarding the adrenal cortex zona reticularis are true:
(1) its cells are arranged in anastomosing cords (2) its secretion is modulated by ACTH (3)
secretes weak androgens (4) arises from the neural crest
33. The morphological features of steroid-secreting cells are the presence in their
cytoplasm of:
(1) well-developed sER (2) scantily-developed Golgi complex (3) numerous mitochondria
with tubular cristae (4) few lipid droplets
