34. The following statements regarding the physiological effects of the adrenal
cortex hormones are true:
(1) aldosterone acts on nephron tubules and stimulates sodium resorption (2)
glucocorticoids regulate gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis (3) glucocorticoids depress
the immune response and inflammatory reactions (4) mineralocorticoids regulate sodium
and potassium homeostasis and water balance
15. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
– I
Directions
: each of the following statements contains five suggested completions. Choose
the one that is best in each case.
1. Each of the following statements concerning the alimentary canal mucosa is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– is a barrier separating the tract lumen from the body; B – secretes digestive enzymes,
hormones, mucus, and antibodies into the lumen; C
– selectively absorbs digested
products; D
– lacks diffuse lymphatic tissue and lymphatic nodules; E – may contain
glands.
2. Each of the following statements concerning the muscularis externa of the
alimentary
canal is true, EXCEPT:
A
– usually consists of three layers; B – its muscle contractions produce peristalsis; C –
the myenteric nerve plexus is present between muscle layers; D
– circular muscles form
sphincters along the tract; E
– its contraction moves the contents along the tract.
3. Each of the following statements concerning the structure of the oral cavity
organs is true, EXCEPT:
A
– mucosa is covered with stratified epithelium; B – epithelium is partially keratinized; C –
mucosa possesses the muscularis mucosae; D
– submucosa is absent at many sites; E –
the organs contain striated muscles.
4. Each of the following statements concerning the tooth is true, EXCEPT:
A
– consists of three parts: the crown, neck, and root; B – enamel covers all the tooth
parts; C
– dentin is the principal tooth substance; D – the root is covered with cementum;
E
– contains the pulp chamber.
5. Each of the following statements concerning the tooth pulp is true, EXCEPT:
A
– is filled with connective tissue; B – contains blood vessels and nerves; C – the narrow
canal extends from the pulp outside; D
– the blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the
pulp through the tooth canal; E
– is lined with cementum.
6. Each of the following statements concerning the tooth development is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– the enamel organ cells induce odontoblast formation; B – odontoblasts arise from the
outer enamel epithelium; C
– odontoblasts produce dentin; D – ameloblasts arise from the
inner enamel epithelium; E
– ameloblasts deposit enamel on the dentinal surface.
7. Each of the following statements concerning the tooth development is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– odontoblasts produce predentin; B – predentin calcifies to become dentin; C – dentin
appears first, enamel and cementum are secreted later; D
– the dental pulp arises from the
enamel organ pulp; E
– cementum is secreted by cementocytes.
8. Each of the following statements concerning the myoepithelial cells is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– are contractile cells; B – are located only in the salivary gland acini; C – possess
numerous processes; D
– lie between the basal lamina and epithelial cells; E – provide
secretion discharge towards ducts.