(1) protection against environmental physical, chemical, and biologic agents (2) regulation
of body temperature and water loss (3) reception of external stimuli (4) excretion of some
products via sweat glands
12. The following statements regarding the thin skin are true:
(1) has hair follicles (2) possesses sebaceous glands (3) its epidermis is thin (4) contains
arrector pili muscles
13. The following statements regarding the cells of the epidermis stratum spinosum
are true:
(1) exhibit numerous spines, short cytoplasmic processes (2) spines of adjacent cells are
attached to each other by desmosomes (3) their cytoplasmic tonofilaments become
grouped in tonofibrils (4) are stem cells
14. The following statements regarding the keratinocyte lamellar bodies are true:
(1) keratinocytes produce lamellar bodies containing glycolipids (2) the body content is
secreted by exocytosis into intercellular spaces (3) glycolipids coat and thicken
keratinocyte plasma membranes (4) glycolipids form the epidermis water barrier
15. The following statements regarding the skin melanocytes are true:
(1) originate from the neural crest (2) are pigment-producing cells (3) are dendritic cells (4)
reside both in the epidermis and in the dermis, especially in the sites of pigmentation
16. The following statements regarding the epidermis Langerhans cells are true:
(1) play a role in the immune response by presenting antigens to T cells (2) reside in the
stratum spinosum (3) belong to the mononuclear phagocytic system (4) arise from the
neural crest
17. The following statements regarding the skin dermis are true:
(1) its papillary layer consists of loose connective tissue (2) lacks blood vessels and nerve
fibres (3) its reticular layer consists of dense irregular connective tissue (4) does not
possess receptors
18. The following statements regarding the eccrine sweat glands are true:
(1) are simple tubular coiled glands (2) their secretory portions include secretory cells and
myoepithelial cells (3) take part in body temperature regulation (4) are associated with hair
follicles
19. The following statements regarding the functions of the eccrine sweat glands
are true:
(1) regulate body temperature due to evaporation of water from the sweat on the body
surface (2) produce “goose flesh” (3) participate in excretion of urea, uric acid, and
ammonia (4) provide bacteriostatic protection of the skin
20. The following statements regarding the appocrine sweat glands are true:
are limited to the skin of the axilla, areola, nipple, and external genitalia (2) are associated
with hair follicles (3) become functional only at puberty and are dependent on sex
hormones (4) its odourless secretion undergoes bacterial action on the skin surface and
becomes odorant
20. URINARY SYSTEM
Directions
: each of the following statements contains five suggested completions. Choose
the one that is best in each case.
1. Each of the following statements concerning the kidney functions is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– produce the urine; B – conserve water, essential electrolytes, and metabolites; C –
secrete angiotensin; D
– remove waste products of metabolism from body; E – secrete
erythropoietin and renin.
2. The following structures are located in, and make up, the kidney cortex, EXCEPT: