A
– the nipple, areola, and rudimentary duct system develop in embryogenesis; B – at
puberty, the glands increase in size due to duct formation and connective tissue
development; C
– secretory portions develop at puberty under estrogen stimulation; D –
progesterone stimulates alveolus growth in pregnancy; E
– alveoli begin to secrete milk
after delivery.
11. Each of the following statements concerning the lactation regulation is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– the act of suckling initiates sensory impulses from the nipple to the hypothalamus; B –
prolactin is released from the adenohypophysis in response to the impulses; C
– sensory
impulses cause oxytocin release in the neurohypophysis; D
– oxytocin stimulates
myoepithelial cells to contract; E
– prolactin inhibits milk secretion in the alveolar cells.
Directions
: one or more of the given statements or completions is/are correct. Choose the
answer: A
– if only 1,2, and 3 are correct; B – if only 1 and 3 are correct; C – if only 2 and
4 are correct; D
– if only 4 is correct; E – if all are correct.
12. The following statements regarding the ovarian cycle are true:
(1) includes the follicular phase and the luteal phase (2) ovulation occurs between two
phases at midcycle (3) is controlled by the adenohypophysial hormones (4) averages
about 28 days in length
13. The following statements regarding the endometrial functional layer are true:
(1) is sloughed and then re-established during the cycle (2) includes the covering
epithelium and the lamina propria (3) is supplied by the helical arterioles (4) includes the
bottoms of uterine glands
14. The following statements regarding the endometrial basal layer are true:
(1) is retained during the cycle and serves for regeneration of the functional layer (2) is
supplied by the helical arterioles (3) includes the bottoms of uterine glands (4) lacks stem
and undifferentiated cells for re-epithelialization
15. The following statements regarding the menstrual cycle are true:
(1) is accompanied by the uterine discharge called menstruation (menses) (2) is controlled
by the ovarian hormones: estrogens and progesterone (3) consists of three phases (4) if
embryo implants, the cycle stops
16. The following statements regarding the uterine gland mucoid secretion are true:
(1) is rich in nutrients, particularly glycogen (2) is produced under FSH control (3) its
immunoglobulins provide endometrial sterility (4) is secreted during the whole cycle
17. The following statements regarding the uterine cervix are true:
(1) its mucosa lacks the helical arterioles and is not sloughed during the cycle (2) its
branched glands secrete the whole cycle (3) the volume and character of secreted mucus
change during the cycle (4) its myometrium contains more connective tissue and less
smooth muscle cells
18. The following statements regarding the secretion of uterine cervix glands are
true:
(1) is watery under estrogen influence that allows easier sperm passage (2) increases in
volume at midcycle under estrogen influence (3) is highly viscous under progesterone
influence that hinders the passage of sperms or microorganisms (4) its character in
pregnancy is the same as that in the luteal phase
19. The following statements regarding the oviduct mucosa are true:
(1) lacks the glands (2) forms folds that fill the oviduct lumen (3) its simple epithelium
consists of ciliated and secretory cells (4) is not sensitive to the ovarian hormones
20. The following statements regarding the vaginal epithelium cyclic changes are
true:
(1) epithelium thickens and its superficial cells are desquamated under estrogen control (2)
estrogens inhibit the synthesis and accumulation of glycogen in the epithelial cells (3) cells