of intermediate and parabasal layers are desquamated under progesterone control (4)
progesterone stimulates the synthesis and accumulation of glycogen in the epithelial cells
21. The following statements regarding the mammary glands are true:
(1) are the features of only mammals (2) phylogenetically, are modified apocrine sweat
glands and belong to the skin system (3) are compound branched alveolar glands (4)
produce milk that nourishes newborns and provide their immunological defence from
enteric infections
22. The following statements regarding the mammary gland alveoli are true:
(1) consist of secretory and myoepithelial cells (2) secretory cells are rich in lipid and
protein droplets (3) myoepithelial cells are arranged in basket-like network between
secretory cells and their basal lamina (4) myoepithelial cell contractions help to eject milk
from the acini
23. The following statements regarding the secretion mode of the mammary gland
alveolar cells are true:
(1) the protein component of milk is released via the apocrine mode (2) the lipid
component of milk is released via the apocrine mode (3) the lipid component of milk is
released via the merocrine mode (4) the protein component of milk is released via the
merocrine mode
24. INITIAL STAGES OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
Directions
: each of the following statements contains five suggested completions. Choose
the one that is best in each case.
1. The results of fertilization are as follows, EXCEPT:
A
– sex determination; B – restoration of the diploid number; C – blastocyst formation; D –
cleavage initiation; E
– creation of new chromosome and gene combination.
2. Each of the following statements concerning the sperm passage in the female
genital tract is true, EXCEPT:
A
– sperm selection does not occur in passage; B – through the cervical canal
spermatozoa pass by their tail movements; C
– sperm passage through the uterus and
oviduct is assisted by organ muscular contractions; D
– seminal plasma prostaglandins
stimulate these muscular contractions; E
– ovum produces substances attracting sperm.
3. Each of the following statements concerning the acrosome reaction is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– may occur only after sperm capacitation; B – the acrosomal outer membrane fuses
with the overlying sperm plasmalemma at many places; C
– fused membranes rupture
producing multiple perforations; D
– the enzymes leave the acrosome through
perforations; E
– cortical granules open and release their enzymes.
4. Each of the following statements concerning the ovum penetration by a sperm is
true, EXCEPT:
A
– acrosomal enzymes facilitate the sperm passage through the oocyte envelopes; B –
when the sperm passes through the zona pellucida, cortical reaction occurs; C
– the
oocyte and sperm plasma membranes fuse and break down at the point of contact; D
–
the sperm plasma membrane enters the oocyte cytoplasm; E
– the sperm nucleus enters
the oocyte cytoplasm.
5. Each of the following statements concerning the human cleavage is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– is a process of successive rapid mitotic divisions; B – blastomeres increase in volume
becoming progressively larger; C
– proceeds in the oviduct during the first three days
when the morula is formed; D
– continues in the uterus during 3 or 4 days when the
blastula is formed; E
– is holoblastic, unequal, and asynchronous.