Study Set Content:
response of vascularized tissues that delivers leukocytes and molecules of host defense from the circulation to the sites of infection and cell damage in order to eliminate the offending agents
inflammation
5Rs of Inflammatory Reaction
Recognition, Recruitment, Removal, Regulation, Repair
____ of the noxious agent that is the initiating stimulus for inflammation.
Recognition
The cells involved in inflammation (tissue-resident sentinel cells, phagocytes, and others) are equipped with receptors that recognize microbial products and substances released from damaged cells.
Recognition
Leukocytes and plasma are in the tissues; Since blood perfuses every tissue, leukocytes and proteins such as complement can be delivered to any site of microbial invasion or tissue injury.
Recruitment
the stimulus for inflammation is accomplished mainly by phagocytic cells, which ingest and destroy microbes and dead cells
Removal
The response is important for terminating the reaction when it has accomplished its purpose.
Regulation
consists of a series of events that heal damaged tissue.
Repair
In this process the injured tissue is replaced through regeneration of surviving cells and filling of residual defects with connective tissue (scarring).
Repair
What are the major participants in the inflammatory reaction in tissues?
Blood vessels and Leukocytes
Protective inflammatory reactions to infections are often accompanied by local tissue damage and its associated signs and symptoms (e.g., pain and functional impairment)
Harmful consequences of inflammation
Much of this discussion focuses on the inflammatory response to a localized infection or tissue damage.
Local and Systemic Inflammation
can trigger the elaboration of inflammatory mediators and thus elicit inflammation.
Microbes, necrotic cells, & hypoxia
The vascular and cellular reactions of inflammation are triggered by soluble factors that are produced by various cells or derived from plasma proteins and are generated or activated in response to the inflammatory stimulus.
Mediators of Inflammation
a rapid, often self-limited, response to offending agents that are readily eliminated, such as many bacteria and fungi, and dead cells
Acute Inflammation
characterized by the exudation of fluid and plasma proteins (edema) and the emigration of leukocytes, predominantly neutrophils
Acute Inflammation
It is a response to agents that are difficult to eradicate, such as some bacteria (e.g., tubercle bacilli) and other pathogens (such as viruses and fungi), as well as self antigens and environmental antigens
Chronic Inflammation
may follow acute inflammation or arise de novo.
Chronic
are among the most common and medically important causes of inflammation.
Infections and Microbial toxins
elicits inflammation regardless of the cause of cell death.
Tissue necrosis
