Study Set Content:
works by stimulating growth of microtubules and stabilizing the cell structures so that the killer cells are unable to divide and multiply.
Taxol
It was not until 1993 that Taxol was brought to the market by (blank) and soon became an effective drug for treating ovarian, breast, and certain forms of lung cancers
Bristol-Myers Squibb
the source of marijuana, has a long history in folk medicine, where it has been used for ills such as menstrual pain and the muscle spasms that affect multiple sclerosis sufferers
Cannabis sativa,
As in so many other areas of drug research, progress was achieved in the understanding of the (blank) of a naturally occurring drug only when the chemistry had been well established and the researcher had at his disposal pure compounds of known composition and
pharmacology and biogenesis stereochemistry
The isolation and determination of the structure of (blank) the principal active ingredient, were performed in 1964 by (blank) at Hebrew University in Israel.
tetrahydrocannabinol (D9 -THC), Rafael Mechoulam
Research has focused on the endocannabinoids and their receptors as targets for drug development. It was shown that THC exerts its effects by binding to receptors that are targets of naturally occurring molecules termed endocannabinoids that have been involved in controlling learning, memory, appetite, metabolism, blood pressure, emotions such as fear and anxiety, inflammation, bone growth, and cancer.
endocannabinoids
a new series of drugs is being developed that are not centered on marijuana itself, but inspired by its active ingredient (blank), mimicking the endogenous substances acting in the brain or the periphery
D9 -THC
The most widely used methods for noninvasive imaging are
scintigraphy, radiography (x-ray and computed tomography [CT]), ultrasonography, positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance imaging
continue to make important contributions to the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals and contrast agents. These optical, nuclear, and magnetic methods are increasingly being empowered by new types of imaging agents
Chemists
The expanded use of the (blank) in the late 1930s and the nuclear reactor in the early 1940s made available a variety of radionuclides for potential applications in medicine.
cyclotron
The effectiveness of(blank) to treat disease and to monitor the response to therapies is now being routinely used in the drug discovery process.
new and old drugs
) was discovered through the combined use of high-throughput screening and medicinal chemistry that resulted in the successful treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia
Imatinib (Gleevec)
Through rational molecular modifications based on an understanding of the structure of logical alternative tyrosine kinase targets, improved activity against the
platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)
As a result of the success of imatinib, scientists are modifying their drug discovery and development strategies to one that considers the patient’s (blank) without abandoning the more traditional drugs.
genes
An emphasis in the pharmaceutical industry and in academia is to develop drug formulations that guarantee that therapies will reach (blank) in the body.
specific targets
Vaccines based on a (blank) that will activate skeletal muscles to manufacture desired proteins and antigens are being developed
proprietary plasmid DNA
is one of the new technologies developed by academics and researchers in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries to reduce the time and cost associated with producing effective, marketable, and competitive new drugs
Combinatorial chemistry
Chemists use combinatorial chemistry to create large populations of molecules that can be screened efficiently, generally using
high-throughput screening.
Thus, instead of synthesizing a single compound, combinatorial chemistry exploits automation and miniaturization to synthesize large libraries of compounds. Combinatorial organic synthesis is not random, but (blank), using sets of chemical “building blocks” to form a diverse set of molecular entities.
systematic and repetitive
has been a source of new drugs for several decades. The emergence of the(blank) took place in conjunction with the advances in organic/medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology, bacteriology, biochemistry, and medicine as distinct fields of science in the late 19th century.
Random screening, pharmaceutical industry
