Study Set Content:
propane intermolecular hydrogen bonding in Pure liquid butyl alcohol
yes
an important method for the preparation of symmetrical and asymmetrical ethers in laboratories. In this method, an alkyl halide is reacted with sodium alkoxide which leads to the formation of ether.
Williamson’s Synthesis
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHER
is a cyclic ether with a three-atom ring.
epoxide
- has many uses including generation of surfactants and detergents.
Ethylene epoxide
Epoxy glues and structural materials are a result of epoxides reaction with
amines
It is used as a stabilizer in materials like PVC.
epoxide
They are also used in manufacture of Epoxy resists that have low viscosity and without compromising strength and physical properties.
epoxides
- are also used in things like insecticides, aerosols, resins and chemical intermediates.
Epoxides
Ethers are generally very unreactive in nature. When an excess of hydrogen halide is added to the ether, cleavage of C-O bond takes place leading to the formation of alkyl halides.
Cleavage of C-O bond
The order of reactivity is given as
HI>HBr>HCl
Cleavage of C-O bond
formula
- R-O-R + HX → RX + R-OH
The alkoxy group in ether activates the aromatic ring at ortho and para positions for electrophilic substitution. Common electrophilic substitution reactions are halogenation, Friedel Craft’s reaction etc.
Electrophilic Substitution
Aromatic ethers undergo halogenation, for example, bromination, upon the addition halogen in the presence or absence of a catalyst.
Halogenation of Ethers
Electrophilic Substitution
Halogenatin of Ethers
for example addition of alkyl or acyl group upon the reaction with alkyl or acyl halide in the presence of a Lewis acid as catalyst.
Friedel Craft’s Reaction of Ethers
Ethers with only primary and secondary alkyl groups react by an
SN2 pathway
Ethers with tertiary alkyl groups react by an
SN2 pathway.
- s an effective pain-relieving drug and is the primary ingredient in morphine.
Methoxymethane (codeine)
