Study Set Content:
During Heating Water
positive
Upon cooling water
negative
Ethanol Room Temp.
positive
Ethanol During heating
negative
Ethanol upon cooling
negative
Hexane room temp.
negative
Hexane during heating
negative
hexane upon cooling
Negative
% yield
actual yield/theoretical yield x 100
– for solid – liquid phase
Column and TLC
liq-liq phase
Paper & High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography
Gas-
liq. phase
Vapor Phase Chromatography
it is the washing of materials
inside the column
Elution
Uses Rf value (Retention factor
Thin Layer Chromatrography
Elution – it is the washing of materials
inside the column
Colum Chromatography
Advantage:
• All kinds of mixture can be separated
• There is variety of choices of the
mobile phase
Colum Chromatogrophy
Advantages:
• Simple and convenient to use.
• Can use different types of solvents
• Identification of compounds is easy
Thin layer chromatography
• Time consuming
• Requires more amount of solvent
• Process is difficult and complicated
Column Chromatography
• Stationary phase is short
• Humidity and temperature can affect
the result.
Thin Layer Chromatography
In Column Chromatography Silica gel is
adsorbent
