Study Set Content:
- have a variety of applications in the chemical industry as starting materials for the preparation of insecticides and pharmaceuticals
Alkylamines
Amines with fewer than five carbon atoms are
water-soluble
- form hydrogen bonds, increasing their boiling points
Primary and secondary amines
Lone pair of electrons on nitrogen makes amines
basic and nucleophilic
React with acids to form acid-base salts and react with electrophiles in polar reactions
React with acids to form acid-base salts and react with electrophiles in polar reactions
are stronger bases than alcohols, ethers, or water
Amines
Base strength of an amine is measured by its basicity constant,
Kb
Larger Kb, smaller pKb
- stronger the base
- are less basic than alkylamines.
Arylamines
- are less basic because of delocalization of the nitrogen lone-pair electrons
Arylamine
NH3
Ammonia
CH3NH2
Methylamine
CH3CH2NH2
Ethylamine
(CH3CH2)2NH2
Diethylamine
(CH3CH2)3NH2
Triethylamine
Aniline
Pyridine
amines can be prepared by reduction of amides and nitriles with
- Lithium aluminum hydride)LiAlH4
- through two-step sequence of (blank)which will convert alkylhalide to primary alkylamine
(1) SN2 displacement of CN- and (2) reduction
- the simplest method of alkylamine synthesis is
by S2 alkylation of ammonia or an alkylamine with an alkyl halide
