Bioengineering 6000 CV Physiology
Kidney
Glomerular Filtration
• Filtrate excludes only red blood
cells and large proteins
• Rate depends on:
– Hydrostatic pressures
– Colloid osmotic pressure
– Hydraulic permeability
• Net pressure is +10 mm Hg
• Permeability very high
– Capillaries fenestrated
– Filtration slits in glomerulus
+10
Bioengineering 6000 CV Physiology
Kidney
Regulation of Filtration
Goal: maintain constant filtration under
variations in arterial pressure
– Myogenic autoregulation: rise in blood
pressure causes first stretch, then
contraction of afferent arteriole
– Osmotic autogregulation
• Macula densa: Sensor cells for osmolarity
and flow of distal tubule; release
substances to control afferent arterial flow
• Granular cells control smooth muscle by
releasing renin
– Central regulation:
• Sympathetic innervation of afferent
arteriole
• Responds to blood loss (constriction) and
hypertension (dilation)
• Also causes constriction of parts of
glomerulus to further reduce filtration
• Powerful mechanism, can override
autoregulation