Study Set Content:
from vinyl chloride and cyclopentadiene
Total synthesis
from pinene derived from pinestumps.
Semi-synthesis
may also be obtained from either the natural source or by partial or total synthesis.
Epinephrine, caffeine, codeine, ephedrine, menthol, penicillin, and other chemicals
The method of obtaining the active principles of crude drugs
EXTRACTION
Extraction removes only those substances that can be dissolved in the
liquid
the liquid used in the process of extraction.
Solvent/menstruum
– the undissolved portion of the drugs that remains after the complete extraction
o Marc
the product of extraction
Extractive
PROCESS OF PREPARING DRUGS FOR COMMERCIAL MARKET
COLLECTION
HARVESTING
DRYING
GARBLING
Drugs are collected from wild plants (tragacanth, senna or from cultivated plants)
Collection
drugs may be collected from hand labor or other mechanical devices (e.g. digitalis)
Harvesting
protects the sample from microbial damage to inactivate enzyme system and also prevents molding.
DRYING
Samples can be dried either by the
sun or artificial heat.
A specialized method of drying is called _______ which enhances the property of active plant constituents
curing
For example, in vanilla, processes of fermentation or sweating are necessary to bring about changes in the
constituents
is the final step, physical preparation and the removal of extraneous matter, such as other parts of the plantlike dirt but should be carried out after drying
GARBLING
excessive moisture leads to increase the weight of the drugs
MOISTURE:
changes the color of the drugs causing undesirable changes in constituents
LIGHT:
favors enzymatic activity
MOISTURE:
facilitates fungal growth
MOISTURE
