Study Set Content:
causes reversible (surmountable)
blockade of cholinomimetic actions at muscarinic
receptors
Atropine
that is, blockade by a small dose of
atropine can be overcome by a (blank)
of acetylcholine or equivalent muscarinic agonist.
larger concentration
Tissues most sensitive to atropine are the
salivary,
bronchial, and sweat glands.
Atropine is highly selective for
muscarinic
receptors.
is often an
exercise in polypharmacy, since no single agent is
fully effective over the course of the disease.
The treatment of Parkinson's disease
Most antimuscarinic drugs promoted for this
application were developed before (blank)
became available.
levodopa
Their use is accompanied by all of the adverse
effects described below, but the drugs remain
useful as (blank) in some patients.
adjunctive therapy
respond to
antimuscarinic drugs (and to antihistaminic
agents with antimuscarinic effects).
Certain vestibular disorders
is one of the oldest remedies for
seasickness and is as effective as any more
recently introduced agent.
Scopolamine
Scopolamine It can be given by
injection or by mouth or as a
transdermal patch.
It can be given by injection or by mouth or as a
transdermal patch. The patch formulation
produces significant blood levels over
48-72
hours.
Scopolamine Useful doses by any route usually cause significant
sedation and dry mouth.
Topical atropine exerts both
mydriatic & cycloplegic
effects.
It permits the measurement of refractive errors
without interference by the
accommodative
capacity of the eye.
are
preferred for pupillary dilation if cycloplegia is not
required.
Phenylephrine or similar a-adrenergic drugs
tropicamide)have replaced atropine due to the
prolonged mydriasis observed with atropine (7-14
days).
Short acting antimuscarinics
Short acting antimuscarinics
(cyclopentolate &
tropicamide)
Another ophthalmologic use is to prevent (blank) (adhesion) formation in uveitis and iritis.
synechia
Another ophthalmologic use is to prevent synechia
(adhesion) formation in uveitis and iritis. The
longer-lasting preparations, especially
(blank), are valuable for this indication.
homatropine
The use of atropine became part of routine
preoperative medication when (blank) such as
(blank) were used, because these irritant anesthetics
markedly increased airway secretions and were
associated with frequent episodes of laryngospasm.
anesthetics, ether
