Study Set Content:
The use of atropine became part of routine
preoperative medication when anesthetics such as
ether were used, because these irritant anesthetics
markedly increased airway secretions and were
associated with frequent episodes of laryngospasm.
Preanesthetic injection of (blank)
could prevent these hazardous effects.
atropine or scopolamine
produces amnesia associated with
surgery and obstetric delivery, a side effect that was
considered desirable.
Scopolamine
On the other hand, (blank) following surgery were often
exacerbated by antimuscarinic drugs.
urinary retention and intestinal
hypomotility
synthetic analogs of
atropine, are used as inhalational drugs in COPD.
Ipratropium and tiotropium
route of administration has the
advantage of maximal concentration at the
bronchial target tissue with reduced systemic
effects.
aerosoll
Marked reflex vagal discharge sometimes
accompanies the pain of
myocardial infarction
Marked reflex vagal discharge sometimes
accompanies the pain of myocardial infarction (eg,
vasovagal attack) and may depress sinoatrial or
atrioventricular node function sufficiently to
Impair cardiac output
Marked reflex vagal discharge sometimes
accompanies the pain of myocardial infarction (eg,
vasovagal attack) and may depress sinoatrial or
atrioventricular node function sufficiently to impair
cardiac output.
• (blank) or a similar antimuscarinic
drug is appropriate therapy in this situation.
Parenteral atropine
Rare individuals without other detectable cardiac
disease have hyperactive carotid sinus reflexes and
may experience faintness or even syncope as a
result of vagal discharge in response to pressure on
the neck, eg. from a tight collar. Such individuals
may benefit from the (blank) or a
related antimuscarinic agent.
judicious use of atropine
Antimuscarinic agents are now rarely used for
(blank) in the USA
peptic ulcer disease
Antimuscarinic agents can provide some relief in
the treatment of common (blank) and
other mild or self-limited conditions of
hypermotility.
traveler's diarrhea
Antimuscarinic agents can provide some relief in
the treatment of common traveler's diarrhea and
other mild or self-limited conditions of
hypermotility.
• They are often combined with an (blank) an extremely effective therapy.
opioid
antidiarrheal drug,
In this combination, however, the very low dosage
of the antimuscarinic drug functions primarily to
discourage abuse of the
opioid agent.
The classic combination of atropine with
(blank), a nonanalgesic congener of
meperidine,
diphenoxylate
The classic combination of atropine with
diphenoxylate, a nonanalgesic congener of
meperidine, is available under many names (eg.
(blank)) in both tablet and liquid form.
Lomotil
Atropine and other antimuscarinic drugs have been
used to provide symptomatic relief in the treatment
of(blank) caused by minor inflammatory
bladder disorders.
urinary urgency
However, specific antimicrobial therapy is essential
in
bacterial cystitis.
In the human urinary bladder, M 2 and M 3
receptors are expressed predominantly with the (blank)subtype mediating direct activation of
contraction.
M3
Receptors for acetylcholine on the (blank) (the
epithelial lining of the urinary tract) and on afferent
nerves as well as the detrusor muscle provide a
broad basis for the action of antimuscarinic drugs
in the treatment of overactive bladder.
urothelium
which is somewhat selective for M 3
receptors, is used to relieve bladder spasm after
urologic surgery, eg, prostatectomy.
Oxybutynin
