Study Set Content:
In excessive doses, pralidoxime can induce
neuromuscular weakness and other adverse effects
Pralidoxime is not recommended for the reversal of
inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by
carbamate
inhibitors.
carbamate
inhibitors.
.(Neostigmine Pyridostigmine.
Physostigmine)
Delayed-onset mushroom poisoning, usually
caused by (blank) manifests its first
symptoms 6-12 hours after ingestion.
Amanita phalloides, A virosa, Galerina
autumnalis, or G marginata,
Although the initial symptoms usually include
nausea and vomiting, the major toxicity involves hepatic and renal cellular injury by
by amatoxins that
inhibit RNA polymerase.
is of no value in this form of mushroom
poisoning.
Atropine
is sometimes
reduced by antimuscarinic agents.
Hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating)
However, relief is incomplete at best, probably
because (blank) rather than eccrine glands are
usually involved.
apocrine
are adverse effects when
an antimuscarinic agent is used to reduce
gastrointestinal secretion or motility, even though
they are therapeutic effects when the drug is used in
ophthalmology.
Mydriasis and cycloplegia
DEPENDING ON THE DOSE
• Atropine may cause:
dry mouth, blurred vision,
sandy eyes, tachycardia, urinary retention,
constipation
Effects on the CNS:
Restlessness, confusion,
hallucinations, delirium
Effects on the CNS: Restlessness, confusion,
hallucinations, delirium which can progress to
depression, collapse of the circulatory & respiratory
system, & death.
Poison control experts discourage the use of
(blank) or another cholinesterase inhibitor
to reverse the effects of atropine overdose because
symptomatic management is more effective and
less dangerous. When physostigmine is deemed
necessary, small doses are given slowly
physostigmine ,intravenously
Symptomatic treatment may require temperature
control with
cooling blankets
Symptomatic treatment may require temperature
control with cooling blankets and seizure control
with
diazepam.
ANTIMUSCARINIC DRUGS ARE
CONTRAINDICATED
• Glaucoma
• In elderly men with a history of prostatic
hyperplasia.
• Gastric ulcer.
• Nonselective antimuscarinic agents should never
be used to treat acid-peptic disease.
Competitively block the action of acetylcholine
and similar agonists at nicotinic receptors of both
parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic
ganglia.
GANGLION-BLOCKING AGENTS
(GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS:
Some members of the group also block the ion
channel that is gated by the
nicotinic
cholinoceptor.
The ganglion-blocking drugs are important and
used in pharmacologic and physiologic research
because they can
block all autonomic outflow.
However, their lack of selectivity confers such a
broad range of undesirable effects that they have
limited clinical use. Ex.
Nicotine,
Hexamethonium, Mecamylamine, Trimethaphan
