Study Set Content:
Absorption of the _____ from the conjunctiva, skin, gut and lungs is predictably poor, since their permanent charge renders them relatively insoluble in lipids
quaternary carbamates
Thus, much larger doses are required for oral administration than for
parenteral injection
in contrast, is well absorbed from all sites and can be used topically in the eye. It is distributed into the central nervous system and is more toxic than the more polar quaternary carbamates.
Physostigmine
are relatively stable in aqueous solution but can be metabolized by nonspecific esterases in the body as well as by cholinesterase.
carbamates
The _____ (except for echothiophate) are well absorbed from the skin, lung, gut, and conjunctiva- thereby making them dangerous to humans and highly effective as insecticides.
organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors
They are relatively less stable when dissolved in water and thus have a limited half- life in the
environment
is highly polar and more stable than most other organophosphates. When prepared in aqueous solution for ophthalmic use, it retains activity for weeks.
Echothiophate
(parathion, malathion, and related compounds) are quite lipid-soluble and are rapidly absorbed by all routes.
thiophosphate insecticides
and a few other organophosphate insecticides are also rapidly metabolized by other pathways to inactive products in birds and mammals but not in insects and fish;
Malathion
is not detoxified effectively in vertebrates; thus, it is considerably more dangerous than malathion to humans and livestock
Parathion
