Study Set Content:
As a result,
electrolyte solutions readily
Conduct electricity
do not dissociate into
ions in solution
Nonelectrolytes
nonelectrolyte
solutions do not, therefore, conduct
electricity
If the solute is a non electrolyte, its solution
contains only
molecules and the osmotic
pressure varies with the concentration of the
solute
Non electrolyte characteristics
– osmotic pressure depends on the solutes
concentration
– requires a low osmotic pressure
If the solute is an electrolyte, its solution
contains ions and the osmotic pressure varies
with both the concentration of the solute and its
degree of dissociation.
– osmotic pressure depends on the solutes
concentration and degree of dissociation
– requires a high osmotic pressure
two solutions that have
the same osmotic pressure
Isosmotic
a solution having the
same osmotic pressure as a specific
body fluid with that specific body
fluid.
Isotonic
Injections that are not isotonic should
be administered slowly and in small
quantities to
minimize tissue iritation,
pain, and cell fluid imbalance
solutions of lower osmotic
pressure than that of a body fluid
Hypotonic
Excess infusions can result in the osmotic
hemolysis of
RBC and surpass the upper
limits of the body's capacity to safely absorb
excessive fluids
having a higher osmotic
pressure
Hypertonic
Large volumes containing dextrosecan result
in
hyperglycemic, osmotic diuresis, and
excessive loss of electrolytes
Isotonic
Pharmaceutical
Preparations
Opthalmic
solutions
Auricular
solutions
Nasal
solutions
NSS I.V.
solutions
And
Irrigations
are properties of solutions that depend on the
number of particles in a volume of solvent (the
concentration) and not on the mass or identity of the
solute particles.
Colligative properties
Colligative properties
Vapor pressure lowering
• Osmotic pressure
• Boiling point elevation
• Freezing point depression
Physical/ Chemical Considerations
in the Preparation of Isotonic
Solutions
Preparing isotonic solutions by relating to
colligative properties
• -0.52°C is the freezing point of both blood
serum and lacrimal fluid
NSS solution
Normal Saline Solution
Sodium Chloride
0.9%
USP is
indicated as a source of water and
electrolytes
0.9% Sodium Chloride
