()()()() to be LTEs

()()() to be mere rocks.

However, contrary to the Philippines’ position, the tribunal concluded that ()()are rocks that are not capable of generating an EEZ or a CS.

Tribunal emphasized that China’s construction of installations and significant reclamation work as well as its maintenance of military or governmental personnel or civilians cannot () a feature’s status from rock or a LTE to a fully entitled island capable of generating an EEZ and a CS.

THE STATUS OF MARITIME FEATURES:

The tribunal also ruled on the legality of activities of Chinese officials and Chinese vessels in the areas of the South China Sea located within the Philippines’ EEZ and CS. It concluded that China breached the provisions of UNCLOS, in particular by (a) temporarily () fishing in areas of the South China Sea falling within the Philippines’ EEZ, (b) failing to () Chinese vessels from fishing in the Philippines’ EEZ at Mischief Reef and Second Thomas Shoal and (c) preventing Filipino fishermen from engaging in () fishing at Scarborough Shoal. Regarding China’s construction of artificial islands, installations and structures at Mischief Reef – a LTE which is part of the Philippines’ EEZ and CS – without the authorization of the Philippines, the tribunal also found China to have violated UNCLOS.

n addition, with respect to the protection and preservation of the marine environment in the South China Sea, the tribunal found that China breached UNCLOS since it failed to prevent fishermen from Chinese flagged vessels from harvesting (a) () on a significant scale and (b) in such a manner as to destroy the ()ecosystem. Furthermore, the tribunal held that China’s land reclamation and construction of artificial islands, installations and structures in the Spratly Islands caused severe, irreparable harm to the coral reef ecosystem

The () welcomed the award, which vindicated most of its claims, and stated that it remained open to negotiate with China. Conversely, () rejected the decision as illegal, null and void and therefore without any binding effect on itself. Other countries, including the (), backed the Philippines and called on China to respect the tribunal’s decision. On the other hand, () supported China’s nonacceptance of the award. ASEAN members issued a joint communiqué reaffirming the need to avoid actions that might escalate tensions in the South China Sea and to seek the peaceful resolution of disputes in accordance with international law, including UNCLOS.

(a) the tribunal’s ruling () the respective rights and obligations of both China and the Philippines in the South China Sea, thereby facilitating their further relations, and (b) the Tribunal’s findings might have an impact on ()() of other states as it clarified important legal issues in UNCLOS.

THE AFTERMATH OF THE TRIBUNAL’S DECISION

The islanqs’ Pre-Colonial period, during which() s engaged in healthy trade with various cultures and economies in the region, gave way to a long colonial period, first under () for over 300 years, and then under the (), during which it came briefly under () occupation in World War II. The Philippines gained independence in 1946

These early Filipinos possessed a culture and technology that were quite advanced considering the timeline of history of science when it flourished. Waves of migrants who came to settle in the islands contributed to the development of ancient Philippine civilization. Prehistoric aborigines, a cross of Afro-Asiatic and Austro- Aborigines, now called () (Aeta, Agta, Ayta) reached the islands by way of land bridges around 15,000 to 30,000 BC, and they were excellent hunters and food gatherers.

During the early period thousand years ago, the early Filipinos were composed of different groups that came from different part of Asia. With different groups, they form their own community, system of education and religious belief. They group into different communities composed of 50 to 2,000 individuals and they construct their shelters in different areas according to their () and source of living.

Usually they were situated along the seashores, streams, rivers, forests, fertile land areas and even in caves. In () areas, they look for fish, shells and pearls as their source of living. They also used boats and craft as their means of transportation for easier travel and carrying their goods for trade from one place to another.

For those people located in () areas, they cultivate the land and plant rice, bananas and crops. After the harvest they no longer use the area indeed they just move to another place with less grass and fine soil and abundant of trees where they can start farming again. Perhaps this gives an idea that the Philippines is very rich in resources for a bountiful living.

These spirits are said to be the ()() that they believed to be good and bad. The () spirits were considered as their relatives and the () were believed to be their enemies.

Some worship specific deities like () a supreme god for the Tagalog, ()()for the Visayan, () of Zambal,() for the people of Bicol and() of Ilocano and Ifugao.

Aside from those supreme deities they also worship other gods like () as god of farming, ()of harvest, () god of rainbow and ()god of death

The variation of animistic practices occurs in different ethnic groups. Magic, chants and prayers are often key features. Its practitioners were highly respected in the community, as they were healers,() (hilot), shamans, witches and () (mangkukulam), babaylans, tribal historians and wizened elders that provided the spiritual and traditional life of the community.

Early Filipinos – as well as the still extant tribal groups in the Philippines – wore colorful woven clothes, often with "intricate beadwork" and other ornaments. The early pre-colonial clothing of groups such as the Tagalogs and Visayans included both the ()and () made from silk in matching colors.