Study Set Content:
Solutions freeze at (blank) than their pure solvents.
lower temperatures
A 1 molal solution of sugar in water freezes at
-1.86 deg. C
The more (blank) the solution, the more the freezing point will be lowered.
concentrated
The freezing point of pure water is (blank), but that melting point can be depressed by the adding of a solvent such as a salt.
0Β°C
A solution typically has a measurably lower melting point than the pure solvent. A more formal treatment of freezing point depression is given by
Ebbing.
affects both the boiling and freezing points of water.
Antifreeze
It prevents water in the radiator from freezing in the winter by lowering the freezing point and it prevents water from boiling in the summer because it also raises the boiling point of water
ANTIFREEZE
It occurs because the water molecules are trying to reach equilibrium on either side of the membrane
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
is the amount of pressure required to prevent osmosis from occurring
Osmotic pressure
The more solute particle there are in a solution, the (blank) the osmotic pressure will be
higher
Β is the process in which water moves across a semi-permeable membrane.
Osmosis
Boiling Point Elevation
β βππ = πΎπ π₯ π π₯i
Osmotic Pressure
π=πππ T
of solutions depend on the quantity of solute dissolved in the solvent rather than the identity of the solute.
Colligative properties
The magnitude of the change generally is (blank) to the amount of solute added.
proportional
Vapor Pressure Lowering
β βπ = πΒ° ππ πππ£ππt
2-hole rubber stopper with slit stabilized by iron clamp
Thermometer
250 ml beaker
Capillary tubing attached with thread/yarn
